PMID- 35142325
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220308
LR  - 20220308
IS  - 1473-0189 (Electronic)
IS  - 1473-0189 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 5
DP  - 2022 Mar 1
TI  - Deep imaging flow cytometry.
PG  - 876-889
LID - 10.1039/d1lc01043c [doi]
AB  - Imaging flow cytometry (IFC) has become a powerful tool for diverse biomedical 
      applications by virtue of its ability to image single cells in a high-throughput 
      manner. However, there remains a challenge posed by the fundamental trade-off 
      between throughput, sensitivity, and spatial resolution. Here we present 
      deep-learning-enhanced imaging flow cytometry (dIFC) that circumvents this 
      trade-off by implementing an image restoration algorithm on a virtual-freezing 
      fluorescence imaging (VIFFI) flow cytometry platform, enabling higher throughput 
      without sacrificing sensitivity and spatial resolution. A key component of dIFC 
      is a high-resolution (HR) image generator that synthesizes "virtual" HR images 
      from the corresponding low-resolution (LR) images acquired with a 
      low-magnification lens (10x/0.4-NA). For IFC, a low-magnification lens is 
      favorable because of reduced image blur of cells flowing at a higher speed, which 
      allows higher throughput. We trained and developed the HR image generator with an 
      architecture containing two generative adversarial networks (GANs). Furthermore, 
      we developed dIFC as a method by combining the trained generator and IFC. We 
      characterized dIFC using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cell images, fluorescence in 
      situ hybridization (FISH) images of Jurkat cells, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 
      (budding yeast) cell images, showing high similarities of dIFC images to images 
      obtained with a high-magnification lens (40x/0.95-NA), at a high flow speed of 2 
      m s(-1). We lastly employed dIFC to show enhancements in the accuracy of 
      FISH-spot counting and neck-width measurement of budding yeast cells. These 
      results pave the way for statistical analysis of cells with high-dimensional 
      spatial information.
FAU - Huang, Kangrui
AU  - Huang K
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7873-7246
AD  - Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. 
      a_isozaki@chem.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
FAU - Matsumura, Hiroki
AU  - Matsumura H
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3638-6956
AD  - Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. 
      a_isozaki@chem.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
FAU - Zhao, Yaqi
AU  - Zhao Y
AD  - Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. 
      a_isozaki@chem.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
FAU - Herbig, Maik
AU  - Herbig M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7592-7829
AD  - Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. 
      a_isozaki@chem.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
FAU - Yuan, Dan
AU  - Yuan D
AD  - Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. 
      a_isozaki@chem.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
FAU - Mineharu, Yohei
AU  - Mineharu Y
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6346-3999
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
AD  - Department of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Medicine, Kyoto 
      University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
FAU - Harmon, Jeffrey
AU  - Harmon J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9898-0574
AD  - Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. 
      a_isozaki@chem.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
FAU - Findinier, Justin
AU  - Findinier J
AD  - Department of Plant Biology, The Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, 
      California 94305, USA.
FAU - Yamagishi, Mai
AU  - Yamagishi M
AD  - Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, 
      Japan.
FAU - Ohnuki, Shinsuke
AU  - Ohnuki S
AD  - Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The 
      University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan.
FAU - Nitta, Nao
AU  - Nitta N
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9093-9016
AD  - CYBO, Tokyo 101-0022, Japan.
FAU - Grossman, Arthur R
AU  - Grossman AR
AD  - Department of Plant Biology, The Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, 
      California 94305, USA.
AD  - Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
FAU - Ohya, Yoshikazu
AU  - Ohya Y
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0837-1239
AD  - Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The 
      University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan.
AD  - Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of 
      Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.
FAU - Mikami, Hideharu
AU  - Mikami H
AD  - Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. 
      a_isozaki@chem.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
AD  - PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
FAU - Isozaki, Akihiro
AU  - Isozaki A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0391-9832
AD  - Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. 
      a_isozaki@chem.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
FAU - Goda, Keisuke
AU  - Goda K
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6302-6038
AD  - Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. 
      a_isozaki@chem.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
AD  - Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 
      90095, USA.
AD  - Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei 430072, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20220301
PL  - England
TA  - Lab Chip
JT  - Lab on a chip
JID - 101128948
SB  - IM
MH  - *Algorithms
MH  - Cell Count
MH  - Flow Cytometry/methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods
MH  - *Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
EDAT- 2022/02/11 06:00
MHDA- 2022/03/09 06:00
CRDT- 2022/02/10 08:38
PHST- 2022/02/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/03/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/02/10 08:38 [entrez]
AID - 10.1039/d1lc01043c [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Lab Chip. 2022 Mar 1;22(5):876-889. doi: 10.1039/d1lc01043c.