PMID- 35150885
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220928
LR  - 20231002
IS  - 1469-0691 (Electronic)
IS  - 1198-743X (Print)
IS  - 1198-743X (Linking)
VI  - 28
IP  - 10
DP  - 2022 Oct
TI  - Assessing and restoring adaptive immunity to HSV, VZV, and HHV-6 in solid organ 
      and hematopoietic cell transplant recipients.
PG  - 1345-1350
LID - S1198-743X(22)00057-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.02.001 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus (VZV), and 
      human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) cause severe infections in immunocompromised hosts. 
      Interventions to optimize virus-specific adaptive immunity may have advantages 
      over antivirals in the prophylaxis and treatment of these infections. OBJECTIVES: 
      We sought to review adaptive immune responses and methods for assessing and 
      replenishing cellular and humoral immunity to HSV, VZV, and HHV-6 in solid organ 
      transplant and hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. SOURCES: We searched 
      PubMed for relevant studies on immune responses to HSV, VZV, and HHV-6 as well as 
      studies describing methods for evaluating and restoring cell-mediated immunity to 
      other double-stranded DNA viruses in transplant recipients. Recent studies, 
      randomized controlled trials, and investigations highlighting key concepts in 
      clinical virology were prioritized for inclusion. CONTENT: We describe the 
      mechanisms of adaptive immunity to HSV, VZV, and HHV-6 and limitations of 
      antivirals as prophylaxis and treatment for these infections in solid organ 
      transplant and hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. We review methods for 
      measuring and restoring cellular immunity to double-stranded DNA viruses; their 
      potential applications to management of HSV, VZV, and HHV-6 in immunocompromised 
      hosts; and barriers to clinical use. Vaccination and virus-specific T cell 
      therapies are discussed in detail. IMPLICATIONS: The growing repertoire of 
      diagnostic and therapeutic techniques focused on virus-specific adaptive immunity 
      provides a novel approach to management of viral infections in transplant 
      recipients. Investigations to optimize such interventions specifically in HSV, 
      VZV, and HHV-6 are needed.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious 
      Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Heldman, Madeleine R
AU  - Heldman MR
AD  - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 
      Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of 
      Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address: 
      mrh157@uw.edu.
FAU - Aagaard, Kaja M
AU  - Aagaard KM
AD  - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 
      Seattle, WA, USA.
FAU - Hill, Joshua A
AU  - Hill JA
AD  - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 
      Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of 
      Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - T32 AI118690/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U01 CA247548/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220210
PL  - England
TA  - Clin Microbiol Infect
JT  - Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European 
      Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
JID - 9516420
RN  - 0 (Antiviral Agents)
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adaptive Immunity
MH  - Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - DNA
MH  - *Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects
MH  - *Herpes Zoster
MH  - *Herpesvirus 1, Human
MH  - Herpesvirus 3, Human
MH  - *Herpesvirus 6, Human
MH  - Humans
MH  - Transplant Recipients
PMC - PMC9363517
MID - NIHMS1779291
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Adaptive immunity
OT  - Cell-mediated immunity
OT  - Hematopoietic cell transplant
OT  - Herpes simplex virus
OT  - Human herpesvirus 6
OT  - Humoralimmunity
OT  - Immunocompromisedhosts
OT  - Solid organ transplant
OT  - Varicellazoster virus
OT  - Virus-specific T cells
EDAT- 2022/02/13 06:00
MHDA- 2022/09/28 06:00
PMCR- 2023/10/01
CRDT- 2022/02/12 20:10
PHST- 2021/10/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/12/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/02/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/02/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/09/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/02/12 20:10 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/10/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S1198-743X(22)00057-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.02.001 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Microbiol Infect. 2022 Oct;28(10):1345-1350. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.02.001. 
      Epub 2022 Feb 10.