PMID- 35153488
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220501
IS  - 1178-6388 (Print)
IS  - 1178-6388 (Electronic)
IS  - 1178-6388 (Linking)
VI  - 15
DP  - 2022
TI  - Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Composition in Breast Milk Plasma of HIV-infected and 
      Uninfected Mothers in Relation to Infant Clinical Outcomes.
PG  - 11786388211072768
LID - 10.1177/11786388211072768 [doi]
LID - 11786388211072768
AB  - BACKGROUND: The increased coverage of prevention of mother to child transmission 
      (PMTCT) services has significantly reduced paediatric HIV infection incidence. 
      The aim of the study was to compare breast milk omega-6 and omega-3 
      polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles of HIV infected and uninfected mothers and 
      determine the association between fatty acid profiles and postnatal transmission 
      of HIV, morbidity/mortality of HIV exposed and unexposed infants. METHODS: A 
      prospective cohort study of 57 HIV infected and 57 HIV uninfected lactating 
      mothers was conducted in Gweru, Zimbabwe from July 2019 to March 2020. The 
      women's 114 babies (term and preterm) were also enrolled and stratified by HIV 
      exposure and infection status. The mother-infant pairs were followed up at 
      6 weeks, 16 weeks and 6 months postpartum to determine, HIV transmission rate, 
      breast milk polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles as well as infant clinical 
      outcomes. RESULTS: The mean breast milk docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 
      eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) levels in HIV uninfected mothers (0.82 +/- 0.92; 
      0.47 +/- 0.75 mug/ml respectively) at 6 weeks postpartum were significantly higher 
      compared to those of HIV infected mothers (0.33 +/- 0.32; 0.08 +/- 0.14 mug/ml) 
      respectively. The same pattern was observed at 16 weeks postpartum in terms of 
      DHA and EPA mean concentration. However, the arachidonic acid (AA) levels and 
      AA/DHA ratio measured at 6 weeks postpartum were significantly higher in HIV 
      infected mothers (2.31 +/- 2.01; 17.18 +/- 52.47 respectively) compared to HIV 
      uninfected mothers (0.82 +/- 0.54; 9.71 +/- 21.80; P < .001). A higher morbidity rate 
      was observed amongst HIV exposed infants than HIV unexposed infants (3.26 +/- 0.13; 
      2.49 +/- 0.09; P < .001) respectively. A significant positive correlation was 
      observed between AA and infant morbidity (r = .388; P < .001). CONCLUSION: 
      Deficiencies in breast milk omega-3 fatty acids were observed in HIV infected 
      women. Maintaining a healthy balance between omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acid diets 
      is critical for breast feeding mothers regardless of their HIV status. The 
      adverse clinical outcomes observed amongst HIV exposed infants emphasise their 
      vulnerability under conditions of maternal universal antiretroviral therapy.
CI  - (c) The Author(s) 2022.
FAU - Mabaya, Lucy
AU  - Mabaya L
AD  - Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 
      Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe.
AD  - Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Zimbabwe Medical School Harare, 
      Harare, Zimbabwe.
FAU - Matarira, Hilda Tendisa
AU  - Matarira HT
AD  - Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Zimbabwe Medical School Harare, 
      Harare, Zimbabwe.
FAU - Tanyanyiwa, Donald Moshen
AU  - Tanyanyiwa DM
AD  - Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of 
      Witwatersrand/ National Health Laboratory Services, Chris Hani Baragwanath 
      Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.
FAU - Musarurwa, Cuthbert
AU  - Musarurwa C
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8248-427X
AD  - Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Zimbabwe Medical School Harare, 
      Harare, Zimbabwe.
FAU - Mukwembi, Johannes
AU  - Mukwembi J
AD  - Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health 
      Sciences, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe.
FAU - Mudluli, Taona Emmah
AU  - Mudluli TE
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Midlands 
      State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe.
FAU - Marera, Tatenda
AU  - Marera T
AD  - Scientific and Industrial Research and Development Centre, Hatcliffe, Harare, 
      Zimbabwe.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220207
PL  - United States
TA  - Nutr Metab Insights
JT  - Nutrition and metabolic insights
JID - 101550186
PMC - PMC8829717
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - HIV
OT  - Polyunsaturated fatty acids
OT  - breast milk
OT  - infant clinical outcome
OT  - morbidity
COIS- Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential 
      conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or 
      publication of this article.
EDAT- 2022/02/15 06:00
MHDA- 2022/02/15 06:01
PMCR- 2022/02/07
CRDT- 2022/02/14 05:28
PHST- 2021/09/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/12/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/02/14 05:28 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/02/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/02/15 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/02/07 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1177_11786388211072768 [pii]
AID - 10.1177/11786388211072768 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Nutr Metab Insights. 2022 Feb 7;15:11786388211072768. doi: 
      10.1177/11786388211072768. eCollection 2022.