PMID- 35158672
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220219
IS  - 2076-2615 (Print)
IS  - 2076-2615 (Electronic)
IS  - 2076-2615 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 3
DP  - 2022 Jan 31
TI  - Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus 4 and Clostridium perfringens Type C Fatal 
      Co-Infection in an Adult Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus).
LID - 10.3390/ani12030349 [doi]
LID - 349
AB  - Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus hemorrhagic disease (EEHV-HD) is an acute, 
      often fatal, multisystemic hemorrhagic disease and one of the most significant 
      causes of mortality of Asian elephants in captivity. Most fatal cases of EEHV-HD 
      are associated with EEHV1A and EEHV1B in juveniles. This case report describes 
      the clinical and pathological features of a fatal co-infection of Clostridium 
      perfringens type C and EEHV-HD, caused by EEHV4, in an adult female Asian 
      elephant. Although fatal clostridial enterotoxemia has been occasionally reported 
      in elephants, this report highlights the importance of having both EEHV-HD and 
      clostridial enterotoxemia as potential differential diagnoses in cases of 
      widespread tissue necrosis and internal hemorrhage in elephants, regardless of 
      the animal age group, due to their macroscopic similarities, frequent 
      co-occurrence and cumulative morbid potential.
FAU - Costa, Taiana
AU  - Costa T
AD  - Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology, Institute of 
      Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Leahurst Campus, University of 
      Liverpool, Chester High Road, Neston CH64 7TE, UK.
FAU - Rocchigiani, Guido
AU  - Rocchigiani G
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3742-7636
AD  - Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology, Institute of 
      Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Leahurst Campus, University of 
      Liverpool, Chester High Road, Neston CH64 7TE, UK.
FAU - Zendri, Flavia
AU  - Zendri F
AD  - Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology, Institute of 
      Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Leahurst Campus, University of 
      Liverpool, Chester High Road, Neston CH64 7TE, UK.
FAU - Drake, Gabby
AU  - Drake G
AD  - Chester Zoo, Upton-by-Chester, Cheshire CH2 1LH, UK.
FAU - Lopez, Javier
AU  - Lopez J
AD  - Chester Zoo, Upton-by-Chester, Cheshire CH2 1LH, UK.
FAU - Chantrey, Julian
AU  - Chantrey J
AD  - Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology, Institute of 
      Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Leahurst Campus, University of 
      Liverpool, Chester High Road, Neston CH64 7TE, UK.
FAU - Ricci, Emanuele
AU  - Ricci E
AD  - Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology, Institute of 
      Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Leahurst Campus, University of 
      Liverpool, Chester High Road, Neston CH64 7TE, UK.
LA  - eng
PT  - Case Reports
DEP - 20220131
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Animals (Basel)
JT  - Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
JID - 101635614
PMC - PMC8833544
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Clostridium perfringens type C
OT  - Clostridium spp.
OT  - EEHV
OT  - Elephas maximus
OT  - clostridial enterotoxemia
OT  - elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus
OT  - elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus hemorrhagic disease
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/02/16 06:00
MHDA- 2022/02/16 06:01
PMCR- 2022/01/31
CRDT- 2022/02/15 01:03
PHST- 2021/11/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/01/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/01/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/02/15 01:03 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/02/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/02/16 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/01/31 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ani12030349 [pii]
AID - animals-12-00349 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ani12030349 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Animals (Basel). 2022 Jan 31;12(3):349. doi: 10.3390/ani12030349.