PMID- 35159932
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220219
IS  - 2077-0383 (Print)
IS  - 2077-0383 (Electronic)
IS  - 2077-0383 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 3
DP  - 2022 Jan 18
TI  - Anatabine, Nornicotine, and Anabasine Reduce Weight Gain and Body Fat through 
      Decreases in Food Intake and Increases in Physical Activity.
LID - 10.3390/jcm11030481 [doi]
LID - 481
AB  - Obesity is a leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Currently 
      approved pharmacotherapies for the treatment of obesity are associated with 
      rebound weight gain, negative side effects, and the potential for abuse. There is 
      a need for new treatments with fewer side effects. Minor tobacco alkaloids (MTAs) 
      are potential candidates for novel obesity pharmacotherapies. These alkaloids are 
      structurally related to nicotine, which can help reduce body weight, but without 
      the same addictive potential. The purpose of the current study was to examine the 
      effects of three MTAs (nornicotine, anatabine, and anabasine) and nicotine on 
      weight gain, body composition, chow intake, and physical activity. We 
      hypothesized that the MTAs and nicotine would reduce weight gain through 
      reductions in chow intake and increases in physical activity. To test this, male 
      Sprague Dawley rats were housed in metabolic phenotyping chambers. Following 
      acclimation to these chambers and to (subcutaneous (sc)) injections of saline, 
      animals received daily injections (sc) of nornicotine, anabasine, anatabine, or 
      nicotine for one week. Compared to saline-injected animals that gained body 
      weight and body fat during the treatment phase, injections of nornicotine and 
      anatabine prevented additional weight gain, alongside reductions in body fat. 
      Rats receiving anabasine and nicotine gained body weight at a slower rate 
      relative to rats receiving saline injections, and body fat remained unchanged. 
      All compounds reduced the intake of chow pellets. Nornicotine and nicotine 
      produced consistent increases in physical activity 6 h post-injection, whereas 
      anabasine's and anatabine's effects on physical activity were more transient. 
      These results show that short-term, daily administration of nornicotine, 
      anabasine, and anatabine has positive effects on weight loss, through reductions 
      in body fat and food intake and increases in physical activity. Together, these 
      findings suggest that MTAs are worthy of further investigations as anti-obesity 
      pharmacotherapies.
FAU - Grebenstein, Patricia E
AU  - Grebenstein PE
AD  - Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, 
      Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA.
AD  - Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.
FAU - Erickson, Paige
AU  - Erickson P
AD  - Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, 
      Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA.
FAU - Grace, Martha
AU  - Grace M
AD  - Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, 
      Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA.
FAU - Kotz, Catherine M
AU  - Kotz CM
AD  - Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, 
      Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA.
AD  - Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 
      55455, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - 5IK2BX003838-05/VA/VA/United States
GR  - BX003687-01A1/VA/VA/United States
GR  - T32DK083250/NH/NIH HHS/United States
GR  - T32 DK083250-07/NH/NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220118
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - J Clin Med
JT  - Journal of clinical medicine
JID - 101606588
PMC - PMC8837150
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - body weight
OT  - minor tobacco alkaloids
OT  - nicotine
OT  - obesity
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/02/16 06:00
MHDA- 2022/02/16 06:01
PMCR- 2022/01/18
CRDT- 2022/02/15 01:06
PHST- 2021/11/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/01/04 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/01/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/02/15 01:06 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/02/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/02/16 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/01/18 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - jcm11030481 [pii]
AID - jcm-11-00481 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/jcm11030481 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Clin Med. 2022 Jan 18;11(3):481. doi: 10.3390/jcm11030481.