PMID- 35162535 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220228 LR - 20220228 IS - 1660-4601 (Electronic) IS - 1661-7827 (Print) IS - 1660-4601 (Linking) VI - 19 IP - 3 DP - 2022 Jan 28 TI - Policies and Toxicological Screenings for No Drug Addiction: An Example from the Civil Aviation Workforce. LID - 10.3390/ijerph19031501 [doi] LID - 1501 AB - INTRODUCTION: Since 2008, Italian legislators, with the aim of ensuring public safety, have made it mandatory for an occupational doctor (OD) to assess specific categories of workers to exclude those who may have consumed drugs of abuse. Due to the relevance of work activities relating to the civil aviation and airport sector, a policy based on the use of training and information tools, as well as a health surveillance protocol, has been undertaken since 2009. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 61,008 workers at a commercial airline underwent health surveillance between 2009 and 2019. Following 1%, have halved in the last four years (<0.5%). The percentage of positive results was consistently very low among pilots and, moreover, the rare positive cases detected were due to a cross-reactivity phenomena. The highest and most discontinuous percentages seen occurred in the population undergoing a pre-employment examination. Regarding the types of substance used, a prevalence of cannabis (58.52%) and cocaine (35.2%) use was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The data presented indicate that the air transport sector, in all its components (ground workers and air crews), has a very limited number of substance abusers, and this number tends to decrease over time and with work seniority. Another aspect of particular interest, and which is more specific to toxicology, concerns the detection of cross-reactivity in urinary immunochemical screening between the antibodies to drugs of abuse and certain other drugs, such as anti-inflammatories or antibiotics; as well as foods, and other commonly used substances. FAU - Treglia, Michele AU - Treglia M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9434-2604 AD - Section of Legal Medicine, Social Security and Forensic Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy. FAU - Pallocci, Margherita AU - Pallocci M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3169-2906 AD - Section of Legal Medicine, Social Security and Forensic Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy. FAU - Ricciardi-Tenore, Giorgio AU - Ricciardi-Tenore G AD - Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy. FAU - Baretti, Flavio AU - Baretti F AD - Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy. FAU - Bianco, Giovanna AU - Bianco G AD - Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy. FAU - Castellani, Paola AU - Castellani P AD - Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy. FAU - Pizzuti, Fabrizio AU - Pizzuti F AD - Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy. FAU - Ottaviano, Valeria AU - Ottaviano V AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1491-413X AD - Section of Legal Medicine, Social Security and Forensic Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy. FAU - Passalacqua, Pierluigi AU - Passalacqua P AD - Section of Legal Medicine, Social Security and Forensic Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy. FAU - Leonardi, Claudio AU - Leonardi C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9348-5574 AD - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (Ser.D)-Local Health Authority (ASL) RM2, 00133 Rome, Italy. FAU - Coppeta, Luca AU - Coppeta L AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2470-6107 AD - Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy. FAU - Messineo, Agostino AU - Messineo A AD - Section of Legal Medicine, Social Security and Forensic Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy. FAU - Tittarelli, Roberta AU - Tittarelli R AD - Section of Legal Medicine, Social Security and Forensic Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20220128 PL - Switzerland TA - Int J Environ Res Public Health JT - International journal of environmental research and public health JID - 101238455 RN - 0 (Illicit Drugs) SB - IM MH - *Aviation MH - Humans MH - *Illicit Drugs/analysis MH - Policy MH - Substance Abuse Detection/methods MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis/epidemiology MH - Workforce PMC - PMC8835168 OTO - NOTNLM OT - health policy OT - occupational health OT - occupational medicine OT - substance abuse OT - substance-related disorders OT - toxicology COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2022/02/16 06:00 MHDA- 2022/03/01 06:00 PMCR- 2022/01/28 CRDT- 2022/02/15 01:14 PHST- 2021/11/24 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/01/14 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/01/24 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/02/15 01:14 [entrez] PHST- 2022/02/16 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/03/01 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/01/28 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - ijerph19031501 [pii] AID - ijerph-19-01501 [pii] AID - 10.3390/ijerph19031501 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jan 28;19(3):1501. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031501.