PMID- 35163887
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220228
LR  - 20220228
IS  - 1420-3049 (Electronic)
IS  - 1420-3049 (Linking)
VI  - 27
IP  - 3
DP  - 2022 Jan 18
TI  - Detection and Risk Assessments of Multi-Pesticides in Traditional Chinese 
      Medicine Chuanxiong Rhizoma by LC/MS-MS and GC/MS-MS.
LID - 10.3390/molecules27030622 [doi]
LID - 622
AB  - With the internationalization of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and the 
      increasing use of herbal medicines around the world, there are concerns over 
      their safety. In recent years, there have been some sporadic reports of pesticide 
      residues in Chuanxiong Rhizoma (CX), although the lack of systematic and 
      comprehensive analyses of pesticide residues and evaluations of toxicological 
      risks in human health has increased the uncertainty of the potential effects of 
      pesticides exposure in humans. This study aimed to clarify the status of 
      pesticide residues and to determine the health risks of pesticide residues in CX. 
      The findings of this study revealed that 99 batches of CX samples contained 
      pesticide residues ranging from 0.05 to 3013.17 mug/kg. Here, 6-22 kinds of 
      pesticides were detected in each sample. Prometryn, carbendazim, dimethomorph, 
      chlorpyrifos, chlorantraniliprole, pyraclostrobin, and paclobutrazol were the 
      most frequently detected pesticides, with detection rates of 68.69-100%. 
      Insecticides and fungicides accounted for 43.23% and 37.84% of the total 
      pesticides detected, respectively. Here, 86.87% of the pesticide content levels 
      were lower than 50 mug/kg, and a small number of samples contained carbofuran, 
      dimethoate, and isofenphos-methyl exceeding the maximum residue levels (MRLs). A 
      risk assessment based on the hazard quotient/hazard index (HQ/HI) approach 
      revealed that the short-term, long-term, and cumulative risks of pesticide 
      residues in CX are well below the levels that may pose a health risk. Worryingly, 
      six banned pesticides (carbofuran, phorate sulfone, phorate-sulfoxide, 
      isofenphos-methyl, terbufos-sulfone, and terbufoxon sulfoxide) were detected. 
      This study has improved our understanding of the potential exposure risk of 
      pesticide multi-residues in CX. The results of the study will have a positive 
      impact on improving the quality and safety of CX and the development of MRLs for 
      pesticide residues.
FAU - Zhang, Delin
AU  - Zhang D
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5614-4706
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Southwest Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University 
      of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
FAU - Gou, Yan
AU  - Gou Y
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Southwest Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University 
      of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
AD  - Sichuan Institute for Drug Control, Chengdu 611731, China.
FAU - Yu, Xingyu
AU  - Yu X
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Southwest Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University 
      of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
FAU - Wang, Mei
AU  - Wang M
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Southwest Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University 
      of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
FAU - Yu, Wen
AU  - Yu W
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Southwest Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University 
      of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
FAU - Zhou, Juan
AU  - Zhou J
AD  - Sichuan Institute for Drug Control, Chengdu 611731, China.
FAU - Liu, Wei
AU  - Liu W
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Southwest Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University 
      of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
FAU - Li, Min
AU  - Li M
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Southwest Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University 
      of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220118
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Molecules
JT  - Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 100964009
RN  - 0 (Drugs, Chinese Herbal)
RN  - 0 (Pesticide Residues)
RN  - 0 (chuanxiong rhizome preparation)
SB  - IM
MH  - Chromatography, Gas/*methods
MH  - Chromatography, Liquid/*methods
MH  - Drugs, Chinese Herbal/*analysis
MH  - Food Contamination/*analysis
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Medicine, Chinese Traditional
MH  - Pesticide Residues/*analysis
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Tandem Mass Spectrometry/*methods
PMC - PMC8840347
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Chuanxiong Rhizoma
OT  - hazard index
OT  - hazard quotients
OT  - health risk assessment
OT  - maximum residue levels
OT  - pesticide residues
OT  - traditional Chinese medicine
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/02/16 06:00
MHDA- 2022/03/01 06:00
PMCR- 2022/01/19
CRDT- 2022/02/15 01:19
PHST- 2021/11/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/01/05 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/01/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/02/15 01:19 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/02/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/03/01 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/01/19 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - molecules27030622 [pii]
AID - molecules-27-00622 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/molecules27030622 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Molecules. 2022 Jan 18;27(3):622. doi: 10.3390/molecules27030622.