PMID- 35164537
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220415
LR  - 20240214
IS  - 1759-0914 (Electronic)
IS  - 1759-0914 (Linking)
VI  - 14
DP  - 2022 Jan-Dec
TI  - Simultaneous Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Latent and Lytic 
      Transcripts in Brain Tissue.
PG  - 17590914211053505
LID - 10.1177/17590914211053505 [doi]
LID - 17590914211053505
AB  - Neurotrophic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) establishes lifelong latent 
      infection in humans. Accumulating studies indicate that HSV-1, a risk factor of 
      neurodegenerative diseases, exacerbates the sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). 
      The analysis of viral genetic materials via genomic sequencing and quantitative 
      PCR (qPCR) is the current approach used for the detection of HSV-1; however, this 
      approach is limited because of its difficulty in detecting both latent and lytic 
      phases of the HSV-1 life cycle in infected hosts. RNAscope, a novel in situ RNA 
      hybridization assay, enables visualized detection of multiple RNA targets on 
      tissue sections. Here, we developed a fluorescent multiplex RNAscope assay in 
      combination with immunofluorescence to detect neuronal HSV-1 transcripts in 
      various types of mouse brain samples and human brain tissues. Specifically, the 
      RNA probes were designed to separately recognize two transcripts in the same 
      brain section: (1) the HSV-1 latency-associated transcript (LAT) and (2) the 
      lytic-associated transcript, the tegument protein gene of the unique long region 
      37 (UL37). As a result, both LAT and UL37 signals were detectable in neurons in 
      the hippocampus and trigeminal ganglia (TG). The quantifications of HSV-1 
      transcripts in the TG and CNS neurons are correlated with the viral loads during 
      lytic and latent infection. Collectively, the development of combinational 
      detection of neuronal HSV-1 transcripts in mouse brains can serve as a valuable 
      tool to visualize HSV-1 infection phases in various types of samples from AD 
      patients and facilitate our understanding of the infectious origin of 
      neurodegeneration and dementia.
FAU - Zhang, Shu
AU  - Zhang S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5372-4497
AD  - Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, 5116University of Southern California, 
      Los Angeles, CA, USA.
AD  - Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, 5116University of 
      Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
FAU - Zeng, Jianxiong
AU  - Zeng J
AD  - Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, 5116University of Southern California, 
      Los Angeles, CA, USA.
AD  - Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, 5116University of 
      Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
FAU - Zhou, Yuzheng
AU  - Zhou Y
AD  - Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris 
      Comprehensive Cancer Center, 5116University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 
      CA, USA.
FAU - Gao, Ruoyun
AU  - Gao R
AD  - Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris 
      Comprehensive Cancer Center, 5116University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 
      CA, USA.
FAU - Rice, Stephanie
AU  - Rice S
AD  - Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris 
      Comprehensive Cancer Center, 5116University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 
      CA, USA.
FAU - Guo, Xinying
AU  - Guo X
AD  - Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, 5116University of Southern California, 
      Los Angeles, CA, USA.
AD  - Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, 5116University of 
      Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
FAU - Liu, Yongzhen
AU  - Liu Y
AD  - Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris 
      Comprehensive Cancer Center, 5116University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 
      CA, USA.
FAU - Feng, Pinghui
AU  - Feng P
AD  - Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris 
      Comprehensive Cancer Center, 5116University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 
      CA, USA.
FAU - Zhao, Zhen
AU  - Zhao Z
AD  - Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, 5116University of Southern California, 
      Los Angeles, CA, USA.
AD  - Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, 5116University of 
      Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - R21 AG066090/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 CA221521/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 NS110687/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R35 DE027556/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 DE026003/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R03 AG063287/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 AG070904/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PL  - United States
TA  - ASN Neuro
JT  - ASN neuro
JID - 101507115
RN  - 0 (Immediate-Early Proteins)
RN  - 0 (UL37 protein, Human herpesvirus 1)
RN  - 0 (UL37 protein, Human herpesvirus 5)
RN  - 0 (Viral Structural Proteins)
RN  - 63231-63-0 (RNA)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Brain
MH  - *Herpesvirus 1, Human/genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Immediate-Early Proteins
MH  - *Latent Infection
MH  - Mice
MH  - RNA
MH  - Trigeminal Ganglion
MH  - Viral Structural Proteins
MH  - Virus Latency/genetics
PMC - PMC9171132
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - LAT
OT  - RNAscope
OT  - UL37
OT  - herpes simplex virus type 1
OT  - latent infection
COIS- Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential 
      conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or 
      publication of this article.
EDAT- 2022/02/16 06:00
MHDA- 2022/04/16 06:00
PMCR- 2022/02/14
CRDT- 2022/02/15 05:30
PHST- 2022/02/15 05:30 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/02/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/04/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/02/14 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1177_17590914211053505 [pii]
AID - 10.1177/17590914211053505 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - ASN Neuro. 2022 Jan-Dec;14:17590914211053505. doi: 10.1177/17590914211053505.