PMID- 35165642
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220216
IS  - 2168-8184 (Print)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Electronic)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 2
DP  - 2022 Feb
TI  - Impact of COVID-19 on Renal Function: A Multivariate Analysis of Biochemical and 
      Immunological Markers in Patients.
PG  - e22076
LID - 10.7759/cureus.22076 [doi]
LID - e22076
AB  - Introduction There have been tremendous continuous efforts to understand the 
      broad spectrum of disease and its sequelae since the start of the coronavirus 
      disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Several studies have identified biomarkers that 
      correlate with multiple organ failure in COVID-19 patients. The purpose of our 
      study was to evaluate COVID-19-associated kidney injury. Methods This 
      retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Institute of 
      Biochemistry, Madras Medical College, by reviewing the electronic records of 
      1,000 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed 
      COVID-19-positive patients admitted at the COVID-19 care center. Data were 
      extracted from the case records of 1,000 RT-PCR-positive patients with different 
      CT chest grades plus comorbid conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 
      systemic hypertension (SHT), coronary artery disease (CAD), chronic obstructive 
      pulmonary disease (COPD), and cerebrovascular accident (CVA) as Group I (n = 
      500). Group II (n = 500) comprised of COVID-19-positive patients with no comorbid 
      conditions. The data were recorded from all the patients at the time of 
      admission, prior to starting treatment. Patients with comorbid and non-comorbid 
      conditions were compared according to different CT grades. Results COVID-19 
      patients with different CT grades showed a significant relationship with 
      creatinine, sodium, potassium, C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, total protein, 
      and albumin with p-values of 0.04, 0.01, 0.02, 0.000, 0.00, 0.00, and 0.000, 
      respectively, in Group I. In Group II, with various grades of CT changes, the 
      neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and creatinine showed no significance. The 
      sodium, potassium, CRP, ferritin, total protein, and albumin showed low 
      significance with the chest CT grades. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that 
      COVID-19 can cause mild to moderate renal impairment in COVID-19 patients. 
      Multiple factors contributed to this, such as the higher angiotensin-converting 
      enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression on kidney cells, microinflammation, increased blood 
      clotting, and probable direct infection of the kidney. A high NLR, increased 
      inflammatory markers, and altered renal function analytes such as urea, 
      creatinine, sodium, potassium, total protein, and albumin also confirmed this.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022, Panimathi et al.
FAU - Panimathi, R
AU  - Panimathi R
AD  - Institute of Biochemistry, Madras Medical College and Research Institute, 
      Chennai, IND.
FAU - Gurusamy, Ezhil
AU  - Gurusamy E
AD  - Institute of Biochemistry, Madras Medical College and Research Institute, 
      Chennai, IND.
FAU - Mahalakshmi, S
AU  - Mahalakshmi S
AD  - Institute of Biochemistry, Madras Medical College and Research Institute, 
      Chennai, IND.
FAU - Ramadevi, K
AU  - Ramadevi K
AD  - Institute of Biochemistry, Madras Medical College and Research Institute, 
      Chennai, IND.
FAU - Kaarthikeyan, G
AU  - Kaarthikeyan G
AD  - Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences 
      (SIMATS), Chennai, IND.
FAU - Anil, Sukumaran
AU  - Anil S
AD  - Department of Dentistry, Oral Health Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 
      QAT.
AD  - College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, QAT.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220210
PL  - United States
TA  - Cureus
JT  - Cureus
JID - 101596737
PMC - PMC8831347
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - coronavirus disease
OT  - covid-19
OT  - laboratory diagnosis
OT  - renal function tests
OT  - sars-cov-2
OT  - serum biomarkers
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2022/02/16 06:00
MHDA- 2022/02/16 06:01
PMCR- 2022/02/10
CRDT- 2022/02/15 05:37
PHST- 2022/02/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/02/15 05:37 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/02/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/02/16 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/02/10 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.7759/cureus.22076 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Cureus. 2022 Feb 10;14(2):e22076. doi: 10.7759/cureus.22076. eCollection 2022 
      Feb.