PMID- 35169575
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220501
IS  - 2284-2594 (Electronic)
IS  - 2284-2594 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 1
DP  - 2022
TI  - A Severe Case of Molluscum Contagiosum Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory 
      Syndrome in a Patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
PG  - 003115
LID - 10.12890/2022_003115 [doi]
LID - 003115
AB  - Paradoxical immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in human 
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients initiating antiretroviral 
      treatment (ART) is caused by restored immunity to specific antigens, resulting in 
      worsening of a pre-existing infection. Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is commonly 
      noted in HIV-positive individuals but ART alone is usually sufficient to bring 
      about resolution. We present a rare case of severe MC-IRIS that worsened despite 
      immune reconstitution. LEARNING POINTS: Molluscum contagiosum is a common 
      opportunistic infection which can have severe manifestations in immunocompromised 
      individuals.Antiretroviral treatment alone is usually sufficient to clear the 
      infection, however refractory cases can persist despite immune 
      reconstitution.Failure to improve or worsening immune reconstitution inflammatory 
      syndrome should raise suspicion for additional immunological dysfunction.Surgery, 
      cytodestructive therapies and chemotherapeutic agents can be considered in 
      extensive, persistent disease.
CI  - (c) EFIM 2022.
FAU - Siddiqui, Nida
AU  - Siddiqui N
AD  - Dept. of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health 
      Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
FAU - Mansfield, Brett S
AU  - Mansfield BS
AD  - Dept. of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health 
      Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
FAU - Olmesdahl, Nine-Paula
AU  - Olmesdahl NP
AD  - Division of Anatomical Pathology, Dept. of Pathology, National Health Laboratory 
      Service and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
FAU - Swart, Peter
AU  - Swart P
AD  - Division of Anatomical Pathology, Dept. of Pathology, National Health Laboratory 
      Service and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
FAU - Nel, Jeremy
AU  - Nel J
AD  - Division of Infectious Diseases, Dept. of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical 
      Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 
      Johannesburg, South Africa.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220111
PL  - Italy
TA  - Eur J Case Rep Intern Med
JT  - European journal of case reports in internal medicine
JID - 101648453
PMC - PMC8833301
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
OT  - MC-IRIS
OT  - human immunodeficiency virus
OT  - molluscum contagiosum
COIS- Conflicts of Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests.
EDAT- 2022/02/17 06:00
MHDA- 2022/02/17 06:01
PMCR- 2022/01/11
CRDT- 2022/02/16 05:49
PHST- 2021/12/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/12/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/02/16 05:49 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/02/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/02/17 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/01/11 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 3115-1-26671-1-10-20220111 [pii]
AID - 10.12890/2022_003115 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Eur J Case Rep Intern Med. 2022 Jan 11;9(1):003115. doi: 10.12890/2022_003115. 
      eCollection 2022.