PMID- 35181364 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220427 LR - 20220427 IS - 1879-1026 (Electronic) IS - 0048-9697 (Linking) VI - 825 DP - 2022 Jun 15 TI - Persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemicals in insects: Current state of research and where to from here? PG - 153830 LID - S0048-9697(22)00922-6 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153830 [doi] AB - The ongoing decline in the biomass, abundance, and species number of insects is an established fact. Persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemicals (PBTs) - persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and, in the case of our study, mercury (Hg) - play an important role, but their effect on insect populations is insufficiently investigated. Here, the current state of research on PBTs related to insects is examined with a systematic literature study using Web of Science. We investigate time trends of research intensity compared with other organisms, insect orders and chemicals analyzed, chemicals' effects on insects, and geographical aspects. We show that research intensity increased in the early 1990s, but studies on PBTs in insects are still underrepresented compared with other organisms. The taxonomic focus lies strongly on dipterans. The predominance of studies on DDT suggests its relevance in the context of disease-vector management. Phenotypic and acute effects on insects were more often investigated than genotypic and chronic effects. Laboratory-bred insects and wild-bred insects were examined equally often, pollutant exposure and analysis were conducted predominantly in the laboratory. Mostly habitats with a medium or high human impact were studied, and natural and near-natural habitats are understudied. The sources of the substances are often unknown. Most studies were carried out in economically rich continents, including North America, Europe, and Australia. The numbers of publications dealing with Asia, South America, and Africa are comparatively low, although the control of vector-borne diseases with POPs is still intensively practiced there. We identify gaps in the research - among others, refined analytical methods for biomarkers and for the examination of chronic effects, combinations of field and laboratory experiments to analyze the same problem, and a global approach for the monitoring of PBTs will be needed for accelerating the dearly needed progress in the research of PBTs in insects. CI - Copyright (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Hierlmeier, Veronika R AU - Hierlmeier VR AD - Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Bavarian Environment Agency, Department Gsteigstrasse 43, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. Electronic address: veronika.hierlmeier@lfu.bayern.de. FAU - Gurten, Sabrina AU - Gurten S AD - Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Electronic address: sabrina.gurten@fibl.org. FAU - Freier, Korbinian P AU - Freier KP AD - Bavarian Environment Agency, Department Burgermeister-Ulrich-Strasse 160, 86179 Augsburg, Germany. Electronic address: korbinian.freier@lfu.bayern.de. FAU - Schlick-Steiner, Birgit C AU - Schlick-Steiner BC AD - Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Electronic address: Birgit.Schlick-Steiner@uibk.ac.at. FAU - Steiner, Florian M AU - Steiner FM AD - Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Electronic address: Florian.M.Steiner@uibk.ac.at. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20220215 PL - Netherlands TA - Sci Total Environ JT - The Science of the total environment JID - 0330500 RN - 0 (Environmental Pollutants) RN - FXS1BY2PGL (Mercury) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Bioaccumulation MH - Ecosystem MH - Environmental Monitoring MH - *Environmental Pollutants/toxicity MH - Humans MH - Insecta MH - *Mercury/toxicity OTO - NOTNLM OT - Field-laboratory dichotomy OT - Heavy metals OT - Insect decline OT - Minamata Convention OT - Persistent organic pollutants OT - Stockholm Convention COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2022/02/20 06:00 MHDA- 2022/04/28 06:00 CRDT- 2022/02/19 05:27 PHST- 2021/12/04 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/02/07 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/02/08 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/02/20 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/04/28 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/02/19 05:27 [entrez] AID - S0048-9697(22)00922-6 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153830 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jun 15;825:153830. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153830. Epub 2022 Feb 15.