PMID- 35188711 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220929 LR - 20221229 IS - 1865-1682 (Electronic) IS - 1865-1674 (Print) IS - 1865-1674 (Linking) VI - 69 IP - 5 DP - 2022 Sep TI - Modelling and assessing additional transmission routes for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: Vehicle movements and feed ingredients. PG - e1549-e1560 LID - 10.1111/tbed.14488 [doi] AB - Accounting for multiple modes of livestock disease dissemination in epidemiological models remains a challenge. We developed and calibrated a mathematical model for transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), tailored to fit nine modes of between-farm transmission pathways including: farm-to-farm proximity (local transmission), contact network of batches of pigs transferred between farms (pig movements), re-break probabilities for farms with previous PRRSV outbreaks, with the addition of four different contact networks of transportation vehicles (vehicles to transport pigs to farms, pigs to markets, feed and crew) and the amount of animal by-products within feed ingredients (e.g., animal fat or meat and bone meal). The model was calibrated on weekly PRRSV outbreaks data. We assessed the role of each transmission pathway considering the dynamics of specific types of production (i.e., sow, nursery). Although our results estimated that the networks formed by transportation vehicles were more densely connected than the network of pigs transported between farms, pig movements and farm proximity were the main PRRSV transmission routes regardless of farm types. Among the four vehicle networks, vehicles transporting pigs to farms explained a large proportion of infections, sow = 20.9%; nursery = 15%; and finisher = 20.6%. The animal by-products showed a limited association with PRRSV outbreaks through descriptive analysis, and our model results showed that the contribution of animal fat contributed only 2.5% and meat and bone meal only .03% of the infected sow farms. Our work demonstrated the contribution of multiple routes of PRRSV dissemination, which has not been deeply explored before. It also provides strong evidence to support the need for cautious, measured PRRSV control strategies for transportation vehicles and further research for feed by-products modelling. Finally, this study provides valuable information and opportunities for the swine industry to focus effort on the most relevant modes of PRRSV between-farm transmission. CI - (c) 2022 The Authors. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. FAU - Galvis, Jason A AU - Galvis JA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2811-7684 AD - Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA. FAU - Corzo, Cesar A AU - Corzo CA AD - Veterinary Population Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, USA. FAU - Machado, Gustavo AU - Machado G AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7552-6144 AD - Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA. LA - eng GR - Fats and Proteins Research Foundation/ GR - 2020-67021-32462/Food and Agriculture Cyberinformatics and Tools/ GR - 2019-07452/USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20220303 PL - Germany TA - Transbound Emerg Dis JT - Transboundary and emerging diseases JID - 101319538 RN - 0 (Biological Products) RN - 0 (Minerals) RN - TRS31EO6ZN (bone meal) SB - IM MH - Animal Husbandry/methods MH - Animals MH - *Biological Products MH - Female MH - Minerals MH - *Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/epidemiology MH - *Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus MH - Swine MH - *Swine Diseases PMC - PMC9790477 OTO - NOTNLM OT - PRRSV transmission OT - animal by-product OT - contact networks OT - swine disease dynamics OT - swine disease transmission OT - truck COIS- All authors confirm that the funding agency or other third parties had no role in the study design, interpretation of results, writing manuscript and publication process. EDAT- 2022/02/22 06:00 MHDA- 2022/09/30 06:00 PMCR- 2022/12/25 CRDT- 2022/02/21 12:13 PHST- 2022/02/02 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/10/13 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/02/13 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/02/22 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/09/30 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/02/21 12:13 [entrez] PHST- 2022/12/25 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - TBED14488 [pii] AID - 10.1111/tbed.14488 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Transbound Emerg Dis. 2022 Sep;69(5):e1549-e1560. doi: 10.1111/tbed.14488. Epub 2022 Mar 3.