PMID- 35191215 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220405 LR - 20220701 IS - 2190-6009 (Electronic) IS - 2190-5991 (Print) IS - 2190-5991 (Linking) VI - 13 IP - 2 DP - 2022 Apr TI - Interindividual variability in response to protein and fish oil supplementation in older adults: a randomized controlled trial. PG - 872-883 LID - 10.1002/jcsm.12936 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Precision nutrition is highly topical. However, no studies have explored the interindividual variability in response to nutrition interventions for sarcopenia. The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of interindividual variability in response to two nutrition supplementation interventions for sarcopenia and metabolic health, after accounting for sources of variability not attributable to supplementation. METHODS: A 24 week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial tested the impact of leucine-enriched protein (LEU-PRO), LEU-PRO plus long-chain n-3 PUFA (LEU-PRO+n-3) or control (CON) supplementation in older adults (n = 83, 71 +/- 6 years) at risk of sarcopenia. To estimate the true interindividual variability in response to supplementation (free of the variability due to measurement error and within-subject variation), the standard deviation of individual responses (SD(R) ) was computed and compared with the minimally clinically important difference (MCID) for appendicular lean mass (ALM), leg strength, timed up-and-go (TUG), and serum triacylglycerol (TG) concentration. Clinically meaningful interindividual variability in response to supplementation was deemed to be present when the SD(R) positively exceeded the MCID. The probability that individual responses were clinically meaningful, and the phenotypic, dietary, and behavioural determinants of response to supplementation were examined. RESULTS: The SD(R) was below the MCID for ALM (LEU-PRO: -0.12 kg [90% CI: -0.38, 0.35], LEU-PRO+n-3: -0.32 kg [-0.45, 0.03], MCID: 0.21 kg), TUG (LEU-PRO: 0.58 s [0.18, 0.80], LEU-PRO+n-3: 0.73 s [0.41, 0.95], MCID: 0.9 s) and TG (LEU-PRO: -0.38 mmol/L [-0.80, 0.25], LEU-PRO+n-3: -0.44 mmol/L [-0.63, 0.06], MCID: 0.1 mmol/L), indicating no meaningful interindividual variability in response to either supplement. The SD(R) exceeded the MCID (19 Nm) for strength in response to LEU-PRO (25 Nm [-29, 45]) and LEU-PRO+n-3 (23 Nm [-29, 43]) supplementation but the effect was uncertain, evidenced by wide confidence intervals. In the next stage of analysis, similar proportions of participant responses were identified as very likely, likely, possibly, unlikely, and very unlikely to represent clinically meaningful improvements across the LEU-PRO, LEU-PRO+n-3, and CON groups (P > 0.05). Baseline LC n-3 PUFA status, habitual protein intake, and numerous other phenotypic and behavioural factors were not determinants of response to LEU-PRO or LEU-PRO+n-3 supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: Applying a novel, robust methodological approach to precision nutrition, we show that there was minimal interindividual variability in changes in ALM, muscle function, and TG in response to LEU-PRO and LEU-PRO+n-3 supplementation in older adults at risk of sarcopenia. CI - (c) 2022 The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders. FAU - Murphy, Caoileann H AU - Murphy CH AD - School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, UCD Conway Institute, UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland. AD - Teagasc Food Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland. FAU - Connolly, Claire AU - Connolly C AD - School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, UCD Conway Institute, UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland. FAU - Flanagan, Ellen M AU - Flanagan EM AD - School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, UCD Conway Institute, UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland. FAU - Mitchelson, Kathleen A J AU - Mitchelson KAJ AD - School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, UCD Conway Institute, UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland. FAU - de Marco Castro, Elena AU - de Marco Castro E AD - School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, UCD Conway Institute, UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland. FAU - Egan, Brendan AU - Egan B AD - School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland. FAU - Brennan, Lorraine AU - Brennan L AD - School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, UCD Conway Institute, UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland. FAU - Roche, Helen M AU - Roche HM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0628-3318 AD - School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, UCD Conway Institute, UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland. AD - Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK. LA - eng GR - European Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) Fellowship/ GR - 666010/European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme/ GR - 14F822/Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine Food Institutional Research Measure Grants entitled NUTRIMAL 'Novel Nutritional Solutions for the Prevention of Malnutrition'/ GR - 14/JPHDHL/B3076/Joint Programming Initiative Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life (JPI HDHL) EU Food Biomarkers Alliance 'FOODBAll' with Science Foundation Ireland/ PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20220221 PL - Germany TA - J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle JT - Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle JID - 101552883 RN - 0 (Fish Oils) RN - GMW67QNF9C (Leucine) SB - IM MH - Aged MH - Dietary Supplements MH - *Fish Oils/metabolism MH - Humans MH - Leucine/metabolism/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism MH - *Sarcopenia/metabolism PMC - PMC8977999 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Fish oil OT - Interindividual variability OT - Leucine OT - Personalized nutrition OT - Protein OT - Sarcopenia COIS- Glanbia Plc and Smartfish(R) supplied the supplement ingredients, and Smartfish(R) produced the ready-to-drink control and intervention supplements for this study. However, neither Glanbia Plc nor Smartfish(R) played a role in data collection, data analysis, or in the writing of this manuscript. The authors report no conflict of interests. EDAT- 2022/02/23 06:00 MHDA- 2022/04/06 06:00 PMCR- 2022/04/01 CRDT- 2022/02/22 06:12 PHST- 2021/12/21 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/06/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/01/17 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/02/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/04/06 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/02/22 06:12 [entrez] PHST- 2022/04/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - JCSM12936 [pii] AID - 10.1002/jcsm.12936 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2022 Apr;13(2):872-883. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12936. Epub 2022 Feb 21.