PMID- 35193787
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220426
LR  - 20220426
IS  - 1879-1166 (Electronic)
IS  - 0198-8859 (Linking)
VI  - 83
IP  - 5
DP  - 2022 May
TI  - Concurrent use of two independent methods prevents erroneous HLA typing of 
      deceased organ donors - An important strategy for patient safety and accurate 
      virtual crossmatching for broader sharing.
PG  - 458-466
LID - S0198-8859(22)00036-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.02.004 [doi]
AB  - Comprehensive and accurate human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing within a short 
      turnaround time is a crucial initial step for allocating deceased donor organs 
      for transplantation. Erroneous HLA typing of deceased donors can be catastrophic 
      and result in recipient death, failed transplant, and organ wastage due to 
      inappropriately matched donors. The real-time polymerase chain reaction method is 
      widely used as the sole method for HLA typing of deceased donors because of its 
      simplified workflow. Herein, we have reported cases of four deceased donors 
      showing discrepant HLA typing discovered using two independent methods 
      concurrently. The HLA typing of these donors could have been erroneously reported 
      if a single method had been used, which would have profound patient safety 
      implications. In one case, the drop out of HLA-DR7 using a single method could 
      have resulted in harmful organ allocation if the organ was transplanted after a 
      virtual crossmatch to a sensitized candidate showing strong donor-specific 
      HLA-DR7 antibodies. In conclusion, this case series suggests that concurrent dual 
      typing is essential for accurate HLA typing of deceased donors. This strategy is 
      vital because precise HLA typing is critical for accurate virtual crossmatching, 
      which facilitates continuous distribution and broader geographic sharing of the 
      deceased donor organ.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Cruz, Thea Dela
AU  - Cruz TD
AD  - Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University 
      of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
FAU - Dames, Charlyn
AU  - Dames C
AD  - Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University 
      of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
FAU - Pagaduan, Louise
AU  - Pagaduan L
AD  - Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University 
      of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
FAU - Cho, Young
AU  - Cho Y
AD  - Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University 
      of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
FAU - Kong, Denice
AU  - Kong D
AD  - Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University 
      of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
FAU - Rajalingam, Raja
AU  - Rajalingam R
AD  - Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University 
      of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States. Electronic 
      address: Rajalingam.Raja@ucsf.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220219
PL  - United States
TA  - Hum Immunol
JT  - Human immunology
JID - 8010936
RN  - 0 (HLA Antigens)
RN  - 0 (HLA-DR7 Antigen)
SB  - IM
MH  - *HLA Antigens/genetics
MH  - HLA-DR7 Antigen
MH  - Histocompatibility Testing/methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Patient Safety
MH  - Tissue Donors
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Allelic dropout
OT  - Ambiguous HLA typing
OT  - Deceased donor organ
OT  - HLA typing
OT  - HLA typing discrepancy
OT  - Histocompatibility
OT  - Organ allocation
OT  - Organ transplantation
OT  - Virtual crossmatch
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2022/02/24 06:00
MHDA- 2022/04/27 06:00
CRDT- 2022/02/23 05:31
PHST- 2021/12/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/02/09 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/02/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/02/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/04/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/02/23 05:31 [entrez]
AID - S0198-8859(22)00036-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.02.004 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Hum Immunol. 2022 May;83(5):458-466. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.02.004. Epub 2022 
      Feb 19.