PMID- 35197392 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220225 LR - 20231216 IS - 1347-3700 (Electronic) IS - 0386-7196 (Print) IS - 0386-7196 (Linking) VI - 47 IP - 1 DP - 2022 TI - Ubiquitin-like 3 as a new protein-sorting factor for small extracellular vesicles. PG - 1-18 LID - 10.1247/csf.21078 [doi] AB - Ubiquitin-like 3 (UBL3) is a well-conserved ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) in eukaryotes and regulates the ubiquitin cascade, but the significant roles of UBL3 in cellular processes remained unknown. Recently, UBL3 was elucidated to be a post-translational modification factor that promotes protein sorting to small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Proteins sorted into sEVs have been studied as etiologies of sEV-related diseases. Also, there have been attempts to construct drug delivery systems (DDSs) by loading proteins into sEVs. In this review, we introduce the new concept that UBL3 has a critical role in the protein-sorting system and compare structure conservation between UBL3 and other UBLs from an evolutionary perspective. We conclude with future perspectives for the utility of UBL3 in sEV-related diseases and DDS.Key words: UBL3, small extracellular vesicles, protein sorting, ubiquitin-like protein, post-translational modification. FAU - Takanashi, Yusuke AU - Takanashi Y AD - Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine. AD - First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine. FAU - Kahyo, Tomoaki AU - Kahyo T AD - Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine. FAU - Kamamoto, Sae AU - Kamamoto S AD - Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine. FAU - Zhang, Hengsen AU - Zhang H AD - Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine. FAU - Chen, Bin AU - Chen B AD - Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine. FAU - Ping, Yashuang AU - Ping Y AD - Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine. FAU - Mizuno, Kiyomichi AU - Mizuno K AD - First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine. FAU - Kawase, Akikazu AU - Kawase A AD - First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine. FAU - Koizumi, Kei AU - Koizumi K AD - First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine. FAU - Satou, Masanori AU - Satou M AD - First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine. FAU - Funai, Kazuhito AU - Funai K AD - First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine. FAU - Shiiya, Norihiko AU - Shiiya N AD - First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine. FAU - Setou, Mitsutoshi AU - Setou M AD - Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine. AD - International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine. AD - Department of Systems Molecular Anatomy, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - Japan TA - Cell Struct Funct JT - Cell structure and function JID - 7608465 RN - 0 (UBL3 protein, human) RN - 0 (Ubiquitin) RN - 0 (Ubiquitins) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - *Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism MH - Humans MH - Protein Processing, Post-Translational MH - Protein Transport MH - Ubiquitin/metabolism MH - Ubiquitins/genetics/*metabolism PMC - PMC10511055 OTO - NOTNLM OT - UBL3 OT - post-translational modification OT - protein sorting OT - small extracellular vesicles OT - ubiquitin-like protein COIS- The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest with the contents of this article. EDAT- 2022/02/25 06:00 MHDA- 2022/02/26 06:00 PMCR- 2022/01/01 CRDT- 2022/02/24 05:39 PHST- 2022/02/24 05:39 [entrez] PHST- 2022/02/25 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/02/26 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - DN/JST.JSTAGE/csf/21078 [pii] AID - 10.1247/csf.21078 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Cell Struct Funct. 2022;47(1):1-18. doi: 10.1247/csf.21078.