PMID- 35199834
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240201
LR  - 20240201
IS  - 1541-6100 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-3166 (Print)
IS  - 0022-3166 (Linking)
VI  - 152
IP  - 6
DP  - 2022 Jun 9
TI  - DHA Supplementation Attenuates Inflammation-Associated Gene Expression in the 
      Mammary Gland of Lactating Mothers Who Deliver Preterm.
PG  - 1404-1414
LID - 10.1093/jn/nxac043 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: In a randomized trial of DHA supplementation to lactating mothers who 
      delivered preterm, there were significant increases in DHA status in the mother 
      and her infant. OBJECTIVES: Our objective here was to characterize the mammary 
      gland transcriptomes from the above study. We hypothesized that proinflammatory 
      gene expression would be attenuated in the increased DHA group compared with the 
      standard DHA group. METHODS: In the original trial, mothers delivering at <29 wk 
      gestation at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center and intending to express 
      their milk were randomly assigned to supplementation with 200 mg/d DHA (standard 
      group: STD) or 1000 mg/d DHA (experimental group: EXP) within 7 d of delivery. 
      Here, we conducted RNA-seq transcriptome analysis of n = 5 EXP and n = 4 STD 
      extracellular mammary mRNA samples extracted from the fat layer of milk samples 
      obtained 4 wk postenrollment. Transcripts were assessed for differential 
      expression (false discovery rate adjusted P value <0.05) and clustering between 
      EXP compared with STD groups. Ontological analysis of all differentially 
      expressed genes (DEGs) was performed with Toppcluster. RESULTS: There were 409 
      DEGs. We observed 5 main groups of biological processes that were upregulated, 
      including those associated with improved immune regulation and management of 
      oxidative stress; and 3 main groups of biological processes that were 
      downregulated, including 1 associated with immune dysregulation. For example, we 
      observed upregulation of inflammation-inhibiting genes including NFKB inhibitor 
      alpha (NFKBIA; fold-change (FC), adjusted P value: FC = 1.70, P = 0.007) and 
      interleukin-18 binding protein (IL18BP: FC = 2.2, adjusted P = 0.02); and 
      downregulation of proinflammatory genes including interleukin 7 receptor (IL7R: 
      FC = -1.9, adjusted P = 0.02) and interleukin 1 receptor like 1 (IL1RL1: FC = 
      -13.0, adjusted P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Increased DHA supplementation during 
      lactation can modulate the expression of inflammation-related genes within the 
      mammary gland. This might translate to milk composition with a more optimal 
      inflammasome profile. Future research with a larger clinical trial and greater 
      interrogation of clinical outcomes is warranted.
CI  - (c) The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the 
      American Society for Nutrition.
FAU - Adams, Joselyn M
AU  - Adams JM
AD  - Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise, and Nutritional Sciences, University of 
      Cincinnati College of Allied Health Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
FAU - Valentine, Christina J
AU  - Valentine CJ
AD  - Department of Neonatology, Banner University Medical Center, The University of 
      Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
FAU - Karns, Rebekah A
AU  - Karns RA
AD  - Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital 
      Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
FAU - Rogers, Lynette K
AU  - Rogers LK
AD  - Center for Perinatal Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
FAU - Murase, Masahiko
AU  - Murase M
AD  - Department of Neonatology, Showa University Hospital, Shinagawa City, Tokyo, 
      Japan.
FAU - Fowler, Grace N
AU  - Fowler GN
AD  - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati College of 
      Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
FAU - Nommsen-Rivers, Laurie A
AU  - Nommsen-Rivers LA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3213-7186
AD  - Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise, and Nutritional Sciences, University of 
      Cincinnati College of Allied Health Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01AT006880/NH/NIH HHS/United States
GR  - KL2TR000078/University of Cincinnati/
PT  - Clinical Trial
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - J Nutr
JT  - The Journal of nutrition
JID - 0404243
RN  - 25167-62-8 (Docosahexaenoic Acids)
SB  - IM
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - *Dietary Supplements
MH  - *Docosahexaenoic Acids/metabolism/therapeutic use
MH  - Gene Expression/drug effects
MH  - *Inflammation/diet therapy/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Lactation
MH  - Mammary Glands, Human/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Milk, Human/chemistry
MH  - Mothers
PMC - PMC9178958
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - RNA sequencing
OT  - cytokine
OT  - docosahexaenoic acid
OT  - human milk
OT  - inflammation
OT  - lactation physiology
OT  - omega-3 fatty acids
OT  - premature birth
OT  - transcriptome
EDAT- 2022/02/25 06:00
MHDA- 2022/06/14 06:00
PMCR- 2022/02/24
CRDT- 2022/02/24 08:43
PHST- 2021/10/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/01/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/02/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/02/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/06/14 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/02/24 08:43 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/02/24 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0022-3166(22)00640-X [pii]
AID - nxac043 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/jn/nxac043 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Nutr. 2022 Jun 9;152(6):1404-1414. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxac043.