PMID- 35203460
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220301
IS  - 2227-9059 (Print)
IS  - 2227-9059 (Electronic)
IS  - 2227-9059 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 2
DP  - 2022 Jan 24
TI  - Mitoquinone Helps Combat the Neurological, Cognitive, and Molecular Consequences 
      of Open Head Traumatic Brain Injury at Chronic Time Point.
LID - 10.3390/biomedicines10020250 [doi]
LID - 250
AB  - Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a heterogeneous disease in its origin, 
      neuropathology, and prognosis, with no FDA-approved treatments. The pathology of 
      TBI is complicated and not sufficiently understood, which is the reason why more 
      than 30 clinical trials in the past three decades turned out unsuccessful in 
      phase III. The multifaceted pathophysiology of TBI involves a cascade of 
      metabolic and molecular events including inflammation, oxidative stress, 
      excitotoxicity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, an open head TBI 
      mouse model, induced by controlled cortical impact (CCI), was used to investigate 
      the chronic protective effects of mitoquinone (MitoQ) administration 30 days 
      post-injury. Neurological functions were assessed with the Garcia neuroscore, 
      pole climbing, grip strength, and adhesive removal tests, whereas cognitive and 
      behavioral functions were assessed using the object recognition, Morris water 
      maze, and forced swim tests. As for molecular effects, immunofluorescence 
      staining was conducted to investigate microgliosis, astrocytosis, neuronal cell 
      count, and axonal integrity. The results show that MitoQ enhanced neurological 
      and cognitive functions 30 days post-injury. MitoQ also decreased the activation 
      of astrocytes and microglia, which was accompanied by improved axonal integrity 
      and neuronal cell count in the cortex. Therefore, we conclude that MitoQ has 
      neuroprotective effects in a moderate open head CCI mouse model by decreasing 
      oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and axonal injury.
FAU - Haidar, Muhammad Ali
AU  - Haidar MA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0236-1526
AD  - Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, 
      Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
FAU - Shakkour, Zaynab
AU  - Shakkour Z
AD  - Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of 
      Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
FAU - Barsa, Chloe
AU  - Barsa C
AD  - Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, 
      Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
FAU - Tabet, Maha
AU  - Tabet M
AD  - Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI), Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental 
      Biology Department (MCD), University of Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche 
      Scientifique (CNRS), Universite Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31062 Toulouse, France.
FAU - Mekhjian, Sarin
AU  - Mekhjian S
AD  - Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, 
      Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
FAU - Darwish, Hala
AU  - Darwish H
AD  - Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, 
      Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
FAU - Goli, Mona
AU  - Goli M
AD  - Chemistry and Bioehcmistry Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, 
      USA.
FAU - Shear, Deborah
AU  - Shear D
AD  - Brain Trauma Neuroprotection (BTN) Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and 
      Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, 
      USA.
FAU - Pandya, Jignesh D
AU  - Pandya JD
AD  - Brain Trauma Neuroprotection (BTN) Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and 
      Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, 
      USA.
FAU - Mechref, Yehia
AU  - Mechref Y
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6661-6073
AD  - Chemistry and Bioehcmistry Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, 
      USA.
FAU - El Khoury, Riyad
AU  - El Khoury R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8386-4629
AD  - Neuromuscular Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory 
      Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, 
      Lebanon.
FAU - Wang, Kevin
AU  - Wang K
AD  - Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of 
      Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of 
      Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
FAU - Kobeissy, Firas
AU  - Kobeissy F
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5008-6944
AD  - Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, 
      Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
AD  - Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of 
      Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of 
      Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220124
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Biomedicines
JT  - Biomedicines
JID - 101691304
PMC - PMC8869514
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - moderate traumatic brain injury
OT  - neurodegeneration
OT  - neuroinflammation
OT  - neurotrauma
OT  - oxidative stress
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/02/26 06:00
MHDA- 2022/02/26 06:01
PMCR- 2022/01/24
CRDT- 2022/02/25 01:01
PHST- 2021/12/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/01/15 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/01/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/02/25 01:01 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/02/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/02/26 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/01/24 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - biomedicines10020250 [pii]
AID - biomedicines-10-00250 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/biomedicines10020250 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Biomedicines. 2022 Jan 24;10(2):250. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10020250.