PMID- 35206762
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220228
IS  - 2075-4450 (Print)
IS  - 2075-4450 (Electronic)
IS  - 2075-4450 (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 2
DP  - 2022 Feb 11
TI  - Morphological Structure and Distribution of Hairiness on Different Body Parts of 
      Apis mellifera with an Implication on Pollination Biology and a Novel Method to 
      Measure the Hair Length.
LID - 10.3390/insects13020189 [doi]
LID - 189
AB  - Bees play a very important role in pollination, especially western honey bees, 
      which contribute upwards of billions of dollars concerning crop pollination. 
      Hairiness plays an important role in pollination success by transporting pollen, 
      and pollen intake, but there is a lack of detailed studies on the morphological 
      mechanisms. The hairiness trait is barely discussed in pollinator trait analysis 
      because of the lack of systematic techniques used to measure hairiness. This 
      paper reports a novel method that is used to measure the hair length of different 
      body parts of a western honey bee through a stereomicroscope equipped with live 
      measurement module software. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to 
      update the knowledge regarding the hair structure of a western honey bee. We 
      explained different types of hairs, hair branches, and their distributions on 
      different body parts, which are discussed in detail. A positive correlation was 
      found between hair length and the number of branches on all body parts. Five 
      types of branches were observed, and these branches vary with different body 
      parts. Our study provides sufficient details about the hair morphology of the 
      western honey bee and a new methodology for measuring hair length. This 
      methodology will improve the knowledge about understanding the pollination 
      efficiency of the western honey bee.
FAU - Khan, Kamal Ahmed
AU  - Khan KA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8403-2322
AD  - College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
FAU - Liu, Tengteng
AU  - Liu T
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0182-2562
AD  - College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220211
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Insects
JT  - Insects
JID - 101574235
PMC - PMC8874558
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - evolution
OT  - hairiness
OT  - morphology of hairiness
OT  - pollination efficiency
OT  - western honey bee
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/02/26 06:00
MHDA- 2022/02/26 06:01
PMCR- 2022/02/11
CRDT- 2022/02/25 01:10
PHST- 2021/12/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/02/03 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/02/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/02/25 01:10 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/02/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/02/26 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/02/11 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - insects13020189 [pii]
AID - insects-13-00189 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/insects13020189 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Insects. 2022 Feb 11;13(2):189. doi: 10.3390/insects13020189.