PMID- 35207827
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220301
IS  - 1996-1944 (Print)
IS  - 1996-1944 (Electronic)
IS  - 1996-1944 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 4
DP  - 2022 Feb 9
TI  - Investigation of Degradation of Composites Based on Unsaturated Polyester Resin 
      and Vinyl Ester Resin.
LID - 10.3390/ma15041286 [doi]
LID - 1286
AB  - This study compares the degradation process of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) 
      and vinyl ester resin (VER) and their biocomposites with kraft lignin. In order 
      to study their degradation, accelerated aging, immersion in different solvents, 
      microwave radiation and high temperature were applied. The results show that, 
      depending on the conditions, the degradation assumes a different course. The VER 
      resin is more chemically resistant than the UPR resin. In the case of the 
      composites immersed in an aggressive solvent (acetone), it can be observed that 
      the polymer matrix is degraded, whereas in water only a small increase of weight 
      takes place. Immersion in NaOH initiates the degradation process consisting in 
      the hydrolysis of ester bonds, which are especially observed for pure resins. 
      Under the influence of UV radiation and microwaves, the resins are additionally 
      cross-linked. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that in the case of composites 
      heated to 1000  degrees C, a residual mass remains, which is carbonized with lignin. In 
      turn, composites treated with microwaves lost weight.
FAU - Paczkowski, Przemyslaw
AU  - Paczkowski P
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1704-1648
AD  - Department of Polymer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical 
      Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Gliniana 33, 20-614 
      Lublin, Poland.
FAU - Puszka, Andrzej
AU  - Puszka A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3604-7703
AD  - Department of Polymer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical 
      Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Gliniana 33, 20-614 
      Lublin, Poland.
FAU - Gawdzik, Barbara
AU  - Gawdzik B
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4856-0309
AD  - Department of Polymer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical 
      Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Gliniana 33, 20-614 
      Lublin, Poland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220209
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Materials (Basel)
JT  - Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101555929
PMC - PMC8874597
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - accelerated aging test
OT  - biofiller
OT  - chemical resistance
OT  - composites
OT  - degradation study
OT  - immersion test
OT  - lignin
OT  - microwave irradiation
OT  - unsaturated polyester resin
OT  - vinyl ester resin
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/02/26 06:00
MHDA- 2022/02/26 06:01
PMCR- 2022/02/09
CRDT- 2022/02/25 01:13
PHST- 2021/12/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/01/26 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/02/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/02/25 01:13 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/02/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/02/26 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/02/09 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ma15041286 [pii]
AID - materials-15-01286 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ma15041286 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Materials (Basel). 2022 Feb 9;15(4):1286. doi: 10.3390/ma15041286.