PMID- 35228631
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220412
LR  - 20220412
IS  - 2045-2322 (Electronic)
IS  - 2045-2322 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 1
DP  - 2022 Feb 28
TI  - Anthropogenic influence on the changing risk of heat waves over India.
PG  - 3337
LID - 10.1038/s41598-022-07373-3 [doi]
LID - 3337
AB  - The overarching goal of this paper is to shed light on the human influence on the 
      changing patterns of heat waves in India using the Heat Wave Magnitude Index 
      daily (HWMId). The HWMId obtained from the observational data sets shows a large 
      increase in the heat waves during the past decades. Investigating the effects of 
      natural (e.g., solar variations and volcanic forcings) and anthropogenic (e.g., 
      greenhouse gas emissions, anthropogenic, land use, and land cover) forcings 
      revealed that the anthropogenic factors have cause a two-fold increase in the 
      occurrence probability of severe heat waves in central and mid-southern India 
      during twentieth century. The spatial distribution of maximum HWMId values under 
      natural and all forcings (including anthropogenic) indicates that in most places 
      human activities have increases the frequency, duration and intensity of extreme 
      heat waves. Under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5, the risk of 
      heat waves is projected to increase tenfold during the twenty-first century. More 
      than ~ 70% of the land areas in India is projected to be influenced by heat waves 
      with magnitudes greater than 9. Furthermore, we find a significant relationship 
      between heat waves and deficits in precipitation. Results show that concurrent 
      heat waves and droughts are projected to increase in most places in India during 
      the twenty-first century.
CI  - (c) 2022. The Author(s).
FAU - Kishore, P
AU  - Kishore P
AD  - Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, 
      USA.
FAU - Basha, Ghouse
AU  - Basha G
AD  - Department of Space, National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki, P.B. 
      No123, Tirupati, 517502, India. mdbasha@narl.gov.in.
FAU - Venkat Ratnam, M
AU  - Venkat Ratnam M
AD  - Department of Space, National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki, P.B. 
      No123, Tirupati, 517502, India.
FAU - AghaKouchak, Amir
AU  - AghaKouchak A
AD  - Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, 
      USA.
AD  - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, 
      Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
FAU - Sun, Qiaohong
AU  - Sun Q
AD  - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, 
      Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
FAU - Velicogna, Isabella
AU  - Velicogna I
AD  - Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, 
      USA.
AD  - Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 
      91109, USA.
FAU - Ouarda, T B J M
AU  - Ouarda TBJM
AD  - INRS-ETE, National Institute of Scientific Research, Quebec City, Canada.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20220228
PL  - England
TA  - Sci Rep
JT  - Scientific reports
JID - 101563288
SB  - IM
MH  - Droughts
MH  - *Extreme Heat/adverse effects
MH  - *Hot Temperature
MH  - Human Activities
MH  - Humans
MH  - India
PMC - PMC8885895
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2022/03/02 06:00
MHDA- 2022/04/13 06:00
PMCR- 2022/02/28
CRDT- 2022/03/01 05:56
PHST- 2019/08/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/11/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/03/01 05:56 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/03/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/04/13 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/02/28 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-022-07373-3 [pii]
AID - 7373 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-022-07373-3 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sci Rep. 2022 Feb 28;12(1):3337. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-07373-3.