PMID- 35236727
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221010
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1399-3003 (Electronic)
IS  - 0903-1936 (Print)
IS  - 0903-1936 (Linking)
VI  - 60
IP  - 4
DP  - 2022 Oct
TI  - Inspiratory muscle training enhances recovery post-COVID-19: a randomised 
      controlled trial.
LID - 10.1183/13993003.03101-2021 [doi]
LID - 2103101
AB  - BACKGROUND: Many people recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) 
      experience prolonged symptoms, particularly breathlessness. We urgently need to 
      identify safe and effective COVID-19 rehabilitative strategies. The aim of the 
      current study was to investigate the potential rehabilitative role of inspiratory 
      muscle training (IMT). METHODS: 281 adults (age 46.6+/-12.2 years; 88% female) 
      recovering from self-reported COVID-19 (9.0+/-4.2 months post-acute infection) were 
      randomised 4:1 to an 8-week IMT or a "usual care" waitlist control arm. 
      Health-related quality-of-life and breathlessness questionnaires (King's Brief 
      Interstitial Lung Disease (K-BILD) and Transition Dyspnoea Index (TDI)), 
      respiratory muscle strength, and fitness (Chester Step Test) were assessed pre- 
      and post-intervention. The primary end-point was K-BILD total score, with the 
      K-BILD domains and TDI being key secondary outcomes. RESULTS: According to 
      intention to treat, there was no difference between groups in K-BILD total score 
      post-intervention (control: 59.5+/-12.4; IMT: 58.2+/-12.3; p<0.05) but IMT elicited 
      clinically meaningful improvements in the K-BILD domains for breathlessness 
      (control: 59.8+/-12.6; IMT: 62.2+/-16.2; p<0.05) and chest symptoms (control: 
      59.2+/-18.7; IMT: 64.5+/-18.2; p<0.05), along with clinically meaningful improvements 
      in breathlessness according to TDI (control: 0.9+/-1.7 versus 2.0+/-2.0; p<0.05). IMT 
      also improved respiratory muscle strength and estimated aerobic fitness. 
      CONCLUSIONS: IMT may represent an important home-based rehabilitation strategy 
      for wider implementation as part of COVID-19 rehabilitative strategies. Given the 
      diverse nature of long COVID, further research is warranted on the individual 
      responses to rehabilitation; the withdrawal rate herein highlights that no one 
      strategy is likely to be appropriate for all.
CI  - Copyright (c)The authors 2022.
FAU - McNarry, Melitta A
AU  - McNarry MA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0813-7477
AD  - Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea 
      University, Swansea, UK m.mcnarry@swansea.ac.uk.
FAU - Berg, Ronan M G
AU  - Berg RMG
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5757-9506
AD  - Dept of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University 
      of Copenhagen and Centre for Physical Activity Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.
AD  - Dept of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Copenhagen 
      - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
FAU - Shelley, James
AU  - Shelley J
AD  - Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea 
      University, Swansea, UK.
FAU - Hudson, Joanne
AU  - Hudson J
AD  - Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea 
      University, Swansea, UK.
FAU - Saynor, Zoe L
AU  - Saynor ZL
AD  - Physical Activity, Health and Rehabilitation Thematic Research Group, School of 
      Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of 
      Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
FAU - Duckers, Jamie
AU  - Duckers J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3004-279X
AD  - All Wales Adult CF Centre, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK.
FAU - Lewis, Keir
AU  - Lewis K
AD  - Hywel Dda University Health Board, Carmarthen, UK.
AD  - School of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
FAU - Davies, Gwyneth A
AU  - Davies GA
AD  - School of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
FAU - Mackintosh, Kelly A
AU  - Mackintosh KA
AD  - Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea 
      University, Swansea, UK.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20221006
PL  - England
TA  - Eur Respir J
JT  - The European respiratory journal
JID - 8803460
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Breathing Exercises
MH  - *COVID-19/complications
MH  - Dyspnea/therapy
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Lung Diseases, Interstitial
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Muscle Strength
MH  - Quality of Life
MH  - Respiratory Muscles
MH  - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
PMC - PMC8900538
COIS- Conflict of interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
EDAT- 2022/03/04 06:00
MHDA- 2022/10/12 06:00
PMCR- 2022/03/07
CRDT- 2022/03/03 05:32
PHST- 2021/12/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/02/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/03/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/10/12 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/03/03 05:32 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/03/07 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 13993003.03101-2021 [pii]
AID - ERJ-03101-2021 [pii]
AID - 10.1183/13993003.03101-2021 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Eur Respir J. 2022 Oct 6;60(4):2103101. doi: 10.1183/13993003.03101-2021. Print 
      2022 Oct.