PMID- 35249572
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230213
LR  - 20230405
IS  - 1469-7599 (Electronic)
IS  - 0021-9320 (Linking)
VI  - 55
IP  - 2
DP  - 2023 Mar
TI  - Declining fertility and increasing use of traditional methods of family planning: 
      a paradox in Uttar Pradesh, India?
PG  - 224-237
LID - 10.1017/S0021932022000086 [doi]
AB  - Uttar Pradesh (UP), with more than 220 million people, is the most populous state 
      in India. Despite a high unmet need for modern family planning methods, the state 
      has experienced a substantial decline in fertility. India has also seen a decline 
      during this period which can be attributed to the increased prevalence of modern 
      methods of family planning, particularly female sterilisation, but in UP, the 
      corresponding increase was marginal. At the same time, Traditional Family 
      Planning Methods (TMs) increased significantly in UP in contrast to India, where 
      it was marginal. The trends in UP raise questions about the drivers in fertility 
      decline and question the conventional wisdom that fertility declines are driven 
      by modern methods, and the paper aims to understand this paradox. Fertility 
      trends and family planning practices in UP were analysed using data from 
      different rounds of National Family Health Surveys (NFHS) and the two UP Family 
      Planning Surveys conducted by the UP Technical Support Unit to understand whether 
      the use of TMs played a role in the fertility decline. As per NFHS-4, the 
      prevalence of TM in India (6%) was less than half that of UP (13%). The UP Family 
      Planning Survey in 25 High Priority Districts estimated that 22% of women used 
      TMs. The analysis also suggested that availability and accessibiility of modern 
      contraceptives might have played a role in the increased use of TMs in UP. If 
      there are still couples who make a choice in favour of TMs, they should be well 
      informed about the risks associated with the use of traditional methods as higher 
      failure rate is observed among TMs users.
FAU - Halli, Shiva S
AU  - Halli SS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5449-6281
AD  - University of Manitoba, Canada.
FAU - Alam, Mohd Tauheed
AU  - Alam MT
AD  - India Health Action Trust, India.
FAU - Joseph, Antony
AU  - Joseph A
AD  - University of Manitoba, Canada.
FAU - Prakash, Ravi
AU  - Prakash R
AD  - University of Manitoba, Canada.
FAU - Isac, Shajy
AU  - Isac S
AD  - University of Manitoba, Canada.
FAU - Becker, Marissa
AU  - Becker M
AD  - University of Manitoba, Canada.
FAU - Anand, Preeti
AU  - Anand P
AD  - University of Manitoba, Canada.
FAU - Vasanthakumar, N
AU  - Vasanthakumar N
AD  - University of Manitoba, Canada.
FAU - Ramesh, B M
AU  - Ramesh BM
AD  - University of Manitoba, Canada.
FAU - Blanchard, James
AU  - Blanchard J
AD  - University of Manitoba, Canada.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220307
PL  - England
TA  - J Biosoc Sci
JT  - Journal of biosocial science
JID - 0177346
RN  - 0 (Contraceptive Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Family Planning Services
MH  - *Fertility
MH  - Sex Education
MH  - Contraceptive Agents
MH  - India/epidemiology
MH  - Contraception
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Total Fertility Rate
OT  - Traditional Family Planning Methods
OT  - Uttar Pradesh
EDAT- 2022/03/08 06:00
MHDA- 2023/02/14 06:00
CRDT- 2022/03/07 05:35
PHST- 2022/03/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/02/14 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/03/07 05:35 [entrez]
AID - S0021932022000086 [pii]
AID - 10.1017/S0021932022000086 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Biosoc Sci. 2023 Mar;55(2):224-237. doi: 10.1017/S0021932022000086. Epub 2022 
      Mar 7.