PMID- 35260134
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220509
LR  - 20231201
IS  - 1471-2458 (Electronic)
IS  - 1471-2458 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 1
DP  - 2022 Mar 8
TI  - Global measurement of intimate partner violence to monitor Sustainable 
      Development Goal 5.
PG  - 465
LID - 10.1186/s12889-022-12822-9 [doi]
LID - 465
AB  - BACKGROUND: One third of women experience intimate partner violence (IPV) and 
      potential sequelae. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5.2-to eliminate violence 
      against women, including IPV-compels states to monitor such violence. We 
      conducted the first global measurement-invariance assessment of standardised item 
      sets for IPV. METHODS: Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) from 36 
      Lower-/Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) administering 18 IPV items during 
      2012-2018 were included. Analyses were performed separately for two items sets: 
      lifetime physical IPV (seven items) and controlling behaviours (five items). We 
      performed country-specific exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses 
      (EFA/CFA). Datasets meeting benchmarks for acceptable item loadings and model-fit 
      statistics were included in multiple-group CFA (MGCFA) to test for exact 
      measurement invariance. Based on findings, alignment optimization (AO) was 
      performed to assess approximate measurement invariance (< 25% of model parameters 
      non-invariant). For each item set, national rankings based on AO-derived scores 
      and on prevalence estimates were compared. AO-derived scores were correlated with 
      type-specific IPV prevalences to assess correspondence. RESULTS: National rates 
      of physical IPV (5.6-50.5%) and controlling behavior (25.9-84.7%) varied. For 
      each item set, item loadings and model-fit statistics were adequate in 
      country-specific, unidimensional EFAs and CFAs. Both unidimensional constructs 
      lacked exact invariance in MGCFA but achieved approximate invariance in AO 
      analysis (12.3% of model parameters for physical IPV and 6.7% for controlling 
      behaviour non-invariant). For both item sets, national rankings based on 
      AO-derived scores were distributed similarly to rankings based on prevalence. 
      However, estimates often were not significantly different cross-nationally, 
      precluding national-level comparisons regardless of estimation strategy. Three 
      physical-IPV items (slap, twist, choke) and two controlling-behaviour items (meet 
      female friends; contact with family) warrant cognitive testing to improve their 
      psychometric properties. Correlations of AO-derived scores for physical IPV 
      (0.48-0.66) and controlling behaviours (0.49-0.87) with prevalences of lifetime 
      physical, sexual, psychological IPV as well as controlling behaviour varied. 
      CONCLUSIONS: Seven DHS lifetime physical-IPV items and five DHS 
      controlling-behaviour items were approximately invariant across 36 LMICs spanning 
      five world regions, such that cross-national comparisons of factor means are 
      reasonable. Measurement-invariance testing over time will inform their utility to 
      monitor SDG5.2.1; cross-national, cross-time measurement-invariance testing of 
      improved sexual and psychological IPV item-sets is needed.
CI  - (c) 2022. The Author(s).
FAU - Yount, Kathryn M
AU  - Yount KM
AD  - Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory 
      University, 1518 Clifton Rd, NE, Room 7029, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. 
      kyount@emory.edu.
FAU - Cheong, Yuk Fai
AU  - Cheong YF
AD  - Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, 
      USA.
FAU - Khan, Zara
AU  - Khan Z
AD  - University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, 
      TX, 75390, USA.
FAU - Bergenfeld, Irina
AU  - Bergenfeld I
AD  - Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory 
      University, 1518 Clifton Rd, NE, Room 7029, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
FAU - Kaslow, Nadine
AU  - Kaslow N
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of 
      Medicine, 12 Executive Park Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
FAU - Clark, Cari Jo
AU  - Clark CJ
AD  - Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory 
      University, 1518 Clifton Rd, NE, Room 7029, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 HD099224/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20220308
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Public Health
JT  - BMC public health
JID - 100968562
SB  - IM
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Intimate Partner Violence
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Sexual Behavior
MH  - Sexual Partners/psychology
MH  - *Sustainable Development
MH  - Violence
PMC - PMC8903149
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Alignment optimization
OT  - Controlling behaviours
OT  - Cross-national
OT  - Measurement invariance testing
OT  - Physical intimate partner violence
OT  - Sustainable development goal 5
COIS- The authors have no competing interests to declare.
EDAT- 2022/03/10 06:00
MHDA- 2022/05/10 06:00
PMCR- 2022/03/08
CRDT- 2022/03/09 05:31
PHST- 2021/08/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/02/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/03/09 05:31 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/03/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/05/10 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/03/08 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s12889-022-12822-9 [pii]
AID - 12822 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12889-022-12822-9 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Public Health. 2022 Mar 8;22(1):465. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-12822-9.