PMID- 35266607
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221223
LR  - 20221223
IS  - 1551-3793 (Electronic)
IS  - 1551-3777 (Linking)
VI  - 19
IP  - 1
DP  - 2023 Jan
TI  - Screening safe pesticide application rates in crop fields for protecting consumer 
      health: A backward model for interim recommended rates.
PG  - 126-138
LID - 10.1002/ieam.4604 [doi]
AB  - To reduce human health risks and comply with regulatory standards, it is 
      necessary to provide safe application rates of pesticides in crop fields. In this 
      study, a screening-level model is proposed to improve the regulation of pesticide 
      application rates based on the dynamiCrop platform, which can serve as a 
      complementary approach to field trials for regulatory agencies. The 
      screening-level model can conveniently simulate safe application rates of 
      pesticides based on consumer health risks and maximum residue levels (MRLs). 
      Using 2,4-D as an example, the simulation results agreed with the data of field 
      trials under Good Agricultural Practices and demonstrated that current 
      manufacturers' recommended application rates can effectively comply with MRLs and 
      protect human health. In addition, we simulated the default safe application 
      rates of 449 pesticides in five common crops using the default values of the 
      acceptable daily intake (ADI; 0.01 mg kg(-1)  day(-1) ) and MRL (0.01 mg kg(-1) 
      ). The results demonstrated that aerial-fruit crops (e.g., tomatoes and apples) 
      had much lower default safe application rates of pesticides than tuber crops due 
      to the different pesticide uptake mechanisms of plants. In addition, the 
      MRL-based default safe application rates were significantly lower than the 
      ADI-based default rates, indicating that the default MRL of 0.01 mg kg(-1) 
      adopted by current regulatory agencies is very conservative regarding population 
      health risks. Although other factors, such as the variability of residue levels 
      in crops, occupational exposure (farmers and operators), and multiple pesticide 
      application patterns, need to be considered in future studies, our 
      screening-level model could be used as a complementary tool in field trials to 
      assist regulatory agencies in regulating pesticide application rates in crop 
      fields. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:126-138. (c) 2022 SETAC.
CI  - (c) 2022 SETAC.
FAU - Li, Zijian
AU  - Li Z
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9291-5966
AD  - School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 
      China.
LA  - eng
GR  - 42107495/National Natural Science Foundation of China/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220408
PL  - United States
TA  - Integr Environ Assess Manag
JT  - Integrated environmental assessment and management
JID - 101234521
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - 0 (Pesticide Residues)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Pesticides/toxicity/analysis
MH  - *Pesticide Residues/analysis
MH  - Food Contamination/analysis
MH  - Crops, Agricultural
MH  - *Occupational Exposure
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Food safety
OT  - Human health
OT  - Maximum residue levels
OT  - Pesticide regulation
EDAT- 2022/03/11 06:00
MHDA- 2022/12/24 06:00
CRDT- 2022/03/10 08:40
PHST- 2022/02/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/09/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/03/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/03/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/12/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/03/10 08:40 [entrez]
AID - 10.1002/ieam.4604 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2023 Jan;19(1):126-138. doi: 10.1002/ieam.4604. Epub 
      2022 Apr 8.