PMID- 35267694
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220316
IS  - 2073-4360 (Electronic)
IS  - 2073-4360 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 5
DP  - 2022 Feb 23
TI  - Fabrication, Characterization and In Vitro Assessment of Laevistrombus 
      canarium-Derived Hydroxyapatite Particulate-Filled Polymer Composite for Implant 
      Applications.
LID - 10.3390/polym14050872 [doi]
LID - 872
AB  - This paper presents the formulation, characterization, and in vitro studies of 
      polymer composite material impregnated with naturally derived hydroxyapatite (HA) 
      particulates for biomedical implant applications. Laevistrombus canarium (LC) 
      seashells (SS) were collected, washed and cleaned, sun-dried for 24 h, and ground 
      into powder particulates. The SS particulates of different weight percentages (0, 
      10, 20, 30, 40, 50 wt%)-loaded high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites were 
      fabricated by compression molding for comparative in vitro assessment. A 
      temperature-controlled compression molding technique was used with the operating 
      pressure of 2 to 3 bars for particulate retention in the HDPE matrix during 
      molding. The HDPE/LC composite was fabricated and characterized using X-ray 
      diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), 
      energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and TGA. 
      Mechanical properties such as tensile, compression, flexural, hardness, and also 
      surface roughness were tested as per ASTM standards. Mass degradation and thermal 
      stability of the HDPE/LC composite were evaluated at different temperatures 
      ranging from 10 to 700  degrees C using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The maximum 
      tensile strength was found to be 27 +/- 0.5 MPa for 30 wt% HDPE/LC composite. The 
      thermal energy absorbed during endothermic processes was recorded as 71.24 J/g 
      and the peak melting temperature (Tm) was found to be 128.4  degrees C for the same 30 
      wt% of HDPE/LC composite specimen. Excellent cell viability was observed during 
      the in vitro biocompatibility study for EtO-sterilized 30 wt% of HDPE/LC 
      composite specimen, except for a report of mild cytotoxicity in the case of 
      higher concentration (50 microL) of the MG-63 cell line. The results demonstrate the 
      potential of the fabricated composite as a suitable biomaterial for medical 
      implant applications.
FAU - Chinnappan, Balaji Ayyanar
AU  - Chinnappan BA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2044-4683
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, 
      Coimbatore 641014, India.
FAU - Krishnaswamy, Marimuthu
AU  - Krishnaswamy M
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, 
      Coimbatore 641014, India.
FAU - Thanigachalam, Mugilan
AU  - Thanigachalam M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5463-8868
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government College of Technology, 
      Coimbatore 614013, India.
FAU - Xu, Huaizhong
AU  - Xu H
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7291-1936
AD  - Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology (KIT), 
      Matsugasaki Hashikamicho 1, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
FAU - Khan, Saiful Islam
AU  - Khan SI
AD  - Department of Biomedical Engineering, Military Institute of Science and 
      Technology (MIST), Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh.
FAU - Hoque, Md Enamul
AU  - Hoque ME
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0393-6771
AD  - Department of Biomedical Engineering, Military Institute of Science and 
      Technology (MIST), Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220223
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Polymers (Basel)
JT  - Polymers
JID - 101545357
PMC - PMC8912798
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - DSC
OT  - FESEM
OT  - Laevistrombus canarium
OT  - TGA
OT  - cytotoxicity
OT  - seashell particulates
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/03/11 06:00
MHDA- 2022/03/11 06:01
PMCR- 2022/02/23
CRDT- 2022/03/10 15:25
PHST- 2022/01/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/02/14 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/02/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/03/10 15:25 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/03/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/03/11 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/02/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - polym14050872 [pii]
AID - polymers-14-00872 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/polym14050872 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Polymers (Basel). 2022 Feb 23;14(5):872. doi: 10.3390/polym14050872.