PMID- 35283126 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220516 LR - 20220516 IS - 1879-1026 (Electronic) IS - 0048-9697 (Linking) VI - 828 DP - 2022 Jul 1 TI - Complex chemical cocktail, containing insecticides diazinon and permethrin, drives acute toxicity to crustaceans in mountain lakes. PG - 154456 LID - S0048-9697(22)01549-2 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154456 [doi] AB - Mountain lakes have long been perceived as pristine environments. However, atmospheric deposition of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been shown to expose these sensitive ecosystems to chemical pollution. Little is known on how this pollution impacts aquatic ecosystems at high altitudes. We combined passive sampling with liquid and gas chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (LC- and GC-HRMS) to screen the water of eight lakes in three different regions of the French Pyrenees. In total, we screened for 479 organic chemicals including POPs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), legacy and current-use pesticides, biocides, and musk fragrances. We detected a complex cocktail of 151 individual chemicals and used their toxic unit summation (SigmaTU) to assess toxicity for crustaceans and algae. While risks for algae never reached chronic risks, this was always the case for crustaceans. Acute toxic risk thresholds for crustaceans were even exceeded in several of our sites. At sites with acute toxic risk levels (> 0.1 SigmaTU) crustaceans were completely absent or showed a low abundance. We conclude that crustaceans were at least partly impacted by the high toxic risks driven by the insecticides diazinon and permethrin. These drugs are widely used to protect livestock from blue tongue disease transmitted by sucking insects, suggesting free roaming livestock as local source. Our results provide important evidence on toxic chemical pollution in relatively remote mountain areas, with important consequences for aquatic mountain ecosystems. CI - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Machate, Oliver AU - Machate O AD - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Effect Directed Analysis, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; University of Leipzig, Department of Biology, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. FAU - Schmeller, Dirk S AU - Schmeller DS AD - Laboratoire ecologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Universite de Toulouse, Toulouse INP, Universite Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France. Electronic address: ds@die-schmellers.de. FAU - Loyau, Adeline AU - Loyau A AD - Laboratoire ecologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Universite de Toulouse, Toulouse INP, Universite Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Alte Fischerhutte 2, Stechlin D-16775, Germany. Electronic address: al@adeline-loyau.net. FAU - Paschke, Albrecht AU - Paschke A AD - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: albrecht.paschke@ufz.de. FAU - Krauss, Martin AU - Krauss M AD - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Effect Directed Analysis, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: martin.krauss@ufz.de. FAU - Carmona, Eric AU - Carmona E AD - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Effect Directed Analysis, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: eric-carmona.martinez@ufz.de. FAU - Schulze, Tobias AU - Schulze T AD - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Effect Directed Analysis, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: tobias.schulze@ufz.de. FAU - Moyer, Alessandra AU - Moyer A AD - Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132-1722, United States of America. FAU - Lutz, Kurt AU - Lutz K AD - Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132-1722, United States of America. FAU - Brack, Werner AU - Brack W AD - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Effect Directed Analysis, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Strasse, 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Electronic address: werner.brack@ufz.de. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20220310 PL - Netherlands TA - Sci Total Environ JT - The Science of the total environment JID - 0330500 RN - 0 (Insecticides) RN - 0 (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) RN - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical) RN - 509F88P9SZ (Permethrin) RN - YUS1M1Q929 (Diazinon) SB - IM MH - Diazinon/toxicity MH - Ecosystem MH - Environmental Monitoring/methods MH - *Insecticides/analysis/toxicity MH - Lakes/analysis MH - Permethrin MH - *Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis MH - *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis OTO - NOTNLM OT - Organic micropollutants OT - Passive sampling OT - Planktonic toxicity OT - Pyrenees OT - Risk assessment COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Dirk S Schmeller reports financial support was provided by AXA Research Fund. Dirk S. Schmeller reports financial support was provided by Belmont Forum. Werner Brack reports financial support was provided by Hermann von Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers eV. EDAT- 2022/03/15 06:00 MHDA- 2022/05/17 06:00 CRDT- 2022/03/14 05:42 PHST- 2022/01/23 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/03/04 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/03/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/03/15 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/05/17 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/03/14 05:42 [entrez] AID - S0048-9697(22)01549-2 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154456 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jul 1;828:154456. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154456. Epub 2022 Mar 10.