PMID- 35284393
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220428
LR  - 20220428
IS  - 2296-2565 (Electronic)
IS  - 2296-2565 (Linking)
VI  - 10
DP  - 2022
TI  - Prevalence of Impaired Fasting Glucose and Type 2 Diabetes in Kazakhstan: 
      Findings From Large Study.
PG  - 810153
LID - 10.3389/fpubh.2022.810153 [doi]
LID - 810153
AB  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious public health problem. A large 
      proportion of patients with T2DM are unaware of their condition. People with 
      undiagnosed T2DM are at a greater risk of developing complications, whereas 
      prediabetes has an elevated risk of becoming T2DM. The aim of this study is to 
      estimate the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), undiagnosed and 
      prior-diagnosed T2DM in Kazakhstan. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four 
      geographically remote regions using the WHO STEP survey instrument. The status of 
      T2DM of 4,753 participants was determined using the WHO diagnostic criteria based 
      on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level. As a result, the survey-weighted 
      prevalence of IFG was 1.9% (95% CI 1.1%; 3.5%) and of T2DM was 8.0% (95% CI 3.8; 
      15.9). A total of 54% of T2DM have been newly diagnosed with T2DM. Being 55-64 
      years old (OR = 2.71, 95% CI 1.12; 6.60) and having lowered HDL-C level (OR = 
      3.72, 95% CI 1.68; 8.23) were found to be independent predictors for IFG. Being 
      older than 45 years, a female (OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.39; 0.83), having high waist 
      circumference, was associated with newly diagnosed T2DM. Whereas, the age older 
      than 45 years, high waist circumference, and family history of diabetes (OR = 
      2.42, 95% CI 1.64; 3.54) were associated with preexisting T2DM. This study shows 
      a high prevalence of IFG and a high proportion of newly diagnosed T2DM in 
      Kazakhstan. A series of risk factors identified in the study may be used to 
      strengthen appropriate identification of IFG or undiagnosed patients in 
      healthcare settings to deliver either preventive or therapeutic interventions 
      aimed to reduce the incidence of T2DM or the delay of their complications. 
      Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these associations in our 
      population.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Orazumbekova, Issanov, Atageldiyeva, Berkinbayev, Junusbekova, 
      Danyarova, Shyman, Tashmanova and Sarria-Santamera.
FAU - Orazumbekova, Binur
AU  - Orazumbekova B
AD  - Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 
      Kazakhstan.
FAU - Issanov, Alpamys
AU  - Issanov A
AD  - Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 
      Kazakhstan.
FAU - Atageldiyeva, Kuralay
AU  - Atageldiyeva K
AD  - Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 
      Kazakhstan.
FAU - Berkinbayev, Salim
AU  - Berkinbayev S
AD  - Department of Cardiology, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
AD  - Department of Postgraduate Education, Research Institute of Cardiology and 
      Internal Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
FAU - Junusbekova, Gulnara
AU  - Junusbekova G
AD  - Department of Postgraduate Education, Research Institute of Cardiology and 
      Internal Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
AD  - Department of Research and Innovations, Kazakh Medical University of Continuing 
      Education, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
FAU - Danyarova, Laura
AU  - Danyarova L
AD  - Department of Cardiology, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
FAU - Shyman, Zhanmedet
AU  - Shyman Z
AD  - Department of Cardiology, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
FAU - Tashmanova, Akmaral
AU  - Tashmanova A
AD  - Department of Postgraduate Education, Research Institute of Cardiology and 
      Internal Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
FAU - Sarria-Santamera, Antonio
AU  - Sarria-Santamera A
AD  - Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 
      Kazakhstan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20220224
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Public Health
JT  - Frontiers in public health
JID - 101616579
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
SB  - IM
MH  - Blood Glucose
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology
MH  - Fasting
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Kazakhstan/epidemiology
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - *Prediabetic State/diagnosis/epidemiology
MH  - Prevalence
PMC - PMC8907545
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Kazakhstan
OT  - diabetes
OT  - epidemiology
OT  - impaired fasting glucose
OT  - risk factors
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/03/15 06:00
MHDA- 2022/04/29 06:00
PMCR- 2022/02/24
CRDT- 2022/03/14 05:59
PHST- 2021/11/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/01/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/03/14 05:59 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/03/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/04/29 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/02/24 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fpubh.2022.810153 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Public Health. 2022 Feb 24;10:810153. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.810153. 
      eCollection 2022.