PMID- 35286001
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220621
LR  - 20220621
IS  - 1097-0029 (Electronic)
IS  - 1059-910X (Linking)
VI  - 85
IP  - 7
DP  - 2022 Jul
TI  - Effects of superfine pulverization technology on the morphology, microstructure, 
      and physicochemical properties of Apium graveolens L. root.
PG  - 2455-2466
LID - 10.1002/jemt.24101 [doi]
AB  - In this study, the characteristics of the transverse section of Apium graveolens 
      L. root (AR) were observed. The surface morphology, physicochemical properties, 
      and antioxidant activity of five kinds of powders obtained by superfine 
      pulverization (850-355, 355-180, 180-125, 125-50, and <50 mum) were evaluated. 
      Under the microscope, the transverse section of AR had distinct identification 
      features. Parenchyma cells, cork cells, vessels, fibers, nonglandular hair, and 
      tubing fragments were observed via powder microscopic identification. Scanning 
      electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that superfine pulverization evidently changed 
      the shape and surface morphology of the AR powders. As particle size decreased, 
      the moisture and oil-binding capacity (OBC) of AR powder decreased, whereas its 
      total ash content, water solubility index (WSI), swelling capacity (SC), 
      water-holding capacity (WHC), bulk densities, tapped densities, repose angles, 
      slide angles, and crash angles increased. The AR powder with a particle size of 
      <50 mum had the highest contents of total flavonoids (30.46 mg/g), apiin 
      (15.29 mg/g), and 3'-methoxyapiin (6.78 mg/g). Fourier transform infrared 
      spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed that the chemical composition of the powder 
      and its extracts did not notably change as particle size decreased. Meanwhile, 
      the scavenging ability of DPPH and ABTS radicals increased with the decrease of 
      particle size. Therefore, there are more obvious differences in physicochemical 
      properties and antioxidant activity of AR powders with different particle sizes. 
      This study provides a theoretical basis for the development and application of 
      new AR products. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Under the microscope, the transverse 
      section of Apium graveolens L. root (AR) had distinct identification features. 
      Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the morphology and 
      microstructure of AR after superfine pulverization. The surface morphology and 
      physicochemical properties of the powders obtained by superfine pulverization 
      were evaluated. FTIR analysis revealed no notable differences in the chemical 
      composition of the AR powders with different particle sizes.
CI  - (c) 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
FAU - Sun, Jing
AU  - Sun J
AD  - College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 
      China.
FAU - Wang, Ning
AU  - Wang N
AD  - College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 
      China.
FAU - Wang, Chunyan
AU  - Wang C
AD  - College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 
      China.
FAU - Zhang, Shanzi
AU  - Zhang S
AD  - College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 
      China.
FAU - Tian, Li
AU  - Tian L
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6197-5202
AD  - College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 
      China.
LA  - eng
GR  - 81460590/National Natural Science Foundation of China/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220314
PL  - United States
TA  - Microsc Res Tech
JT  - Microscopy research and technique
JID - 9203012
RN  - 0 (Antioxidants)
RN  - 0 (Powders)
RN  - 059QF0KO0R (Water)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antioxidants
MH  - *Apium
MH  - Particle Size
MH  - Powders/chemistry
MH  - Technology
MH  - Water
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Apium graveolens L. root
OT  - microscopic identification
OT  - microstructure
OT  - physicochemical properties
OT  - superfine pulverization
EDAT- 2022/03/15 06:00
MHDA- 2022/06/22 06:00
CRDT- 2022/03/14 12:14
PHST- 2022/01/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/06/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/02/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/03/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/06/22 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/03/14 12:14 [entrez]
AID - 10.1002/jemt.24101 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Microsc Res Tech. 2022 Jul;85(7):2455-2466. doi: 10.1002/jemt.24101. Epub 2022 
      Mar 14.