PMID- 35287031
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220405
LR  - 20220415
IS  - 1879-3460 (Electronic)
IS  - 0168-1605 (Linking)
VI  - 369
DP  - 2022 May 16
TI  - Energy metabolism as the target of 3-phenyllactic acid against Rhizopus oryzae.
PG  - 109606
LID - S0168-1605(22)00077-0 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109606 [doi]
AB  - 3-phenyllactic acid (PLA) has broad anti-fungal activity, however, target sites 
      of PLA on fungal cells and its anti-fungal mechanism of action have been poorly 
      studied. In this study, we explored the inhibition mechanism of Rhizopus oryzae 
      (R. oryzae) on rotten lily bulbs by PLA. The minimum inhibitory concentration 
      value of PLA against R. oryzae was 8 mg/mL. We observed the ultrastructure of R. 
      oryzae by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy which 
      indicated that PLA did not damage the cell membrane, but destroyed the 
      mitochondria and other organelles. Tandem mass tag proteomes showed that PLA 
      significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05) the expression of hexokinase (HK), 
      phosphofructokinase (PFK), a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (a-KGDH), adenylate 
      kinase (ADK1), Cytochrome C oxidase and NADH dehydrogenase, and up-regulated 
      (P < 0.05) the expression of mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier proteins (AAC) and 
      subunit IV (CCIO IV) in glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle or oxidative 
      phosphorylation metabolism. Following these findings, down-regulated HK and 
      a-KGDH activity of aforementioned pathways was shown by enzyme activity assay, 
      and regulated gene expression of ADK1, AAC, CCIO IV and NADH dehydrogenase was 
      further confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR. Central carbon metabolomics 
      showed that citric acid, cis-Aconitic acid, isocitric acid, alpha-Ketoglutaric 
      acid, succinate, fumarate and malic acid of the tricarboxylic acid cycle 
      metabolites were significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05), and ATP production by 
      oxidative phosphorylation was also significantly reduced (P = 0.02), resulting in 
      insufficient energy production. Thus, ROS levels increased by 141% of the control 
      values and cytochrome C was released, resulting in gradual cell apoptosis. All 
      data indicated that energy metabolism was the target of PLA against R. oryzae. 
      This was the first study to show that energy metabolism could be the target of 
      PLA against R. oryzae, which could provide a theoretical basis to study the 
      mechanism of fungal inhibition.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Fan, Wenguang
AU  - Fan W
AD  - School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, 
      Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, PR China. Electronic address: 
      fanwenguang_88@163.com.
FAU - Li, Baoyu
AU  - Li B
AD  - School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, 
      Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, PR China.
FAU - Du, Nana
AU  - Du N
AD  - School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, 
      Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, PR China.
FAU - Hui, Tian
AU  - Hui T
AD  - School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, 
      Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, PR China.
FAU - Cao, Yingying
AU  - Cao Y
AD  - School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, 
      Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, PR China.
FAU - Li, Xin
AU  - Li X
AD  - School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, 
      Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, PR China.
FAU - Ren, Haiwei
AU  - Ren H
AD  - School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, 
      Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, PR China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220301
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Int J Food Microbiol
JT  - International journal of food microbiology
JID - 8412849
RN  - 0 (Lactates)
RN  - 156-05-8 (3-phenyllactic acid)
SB  - IM
EIN - Int J Food Microbiol. 2022 Jun 2;370:109676. PMID: 35422361
MH  - *Energy Metabolism
MH  - Glycolysis
MH  - Lactates/metabolism
MH  - Rhizopus/metabolism
MH  - *Rhizopus oryzae
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - 3-phenyllactic acid
OT  - Anti-fungal mechanism
OT  - Energy metabolism
OT  - Rhizopus oryzae
EDAT- 2022/03/15 06:00
MHDA- 2022/04/06 06:00
CRDT- 2022/03/14 20:13
PHST- 2021/09/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/02/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/02/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/03/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/04/06 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/03/14 20:13 [entrez]
AID - S0168-1605(22)00077-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109606 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Food Microbiol. 2022 May 16;369:109606. doi: 
      10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109606. Epub 2022 Mar 1.