PMID- 35305830
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220517
LR  - 20220716
IS  - 1879-1166 (Electronic)
IS  - 0198-8859 (Print)
IS  - 0198-8859 (Linking)
VI  - 83
IP  - 6
DP  - 2022 Jun
TI  - HLA-G 14-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism and risk of coronavirus disease 2019 
      (COVID-19) among Iraqi patients.
PG  - 521-527
LID - S0198-8859(22)00057-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.03.005 [doi]
AB  - Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G molecules are proposed to influence 
      susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A case-control study was 
      conducted on 209 patients with COVID-19 and198 controls to assess soluble HLA-G 
      (sHLA-G) levels and HLA-G 14-bp insertion [Ins]/deletion [Del] polymorphism. 
      Results revealed that median levels of sHLA-G were significantly higher in serum 
      of COVID-19 patients than in controls (17.92 [interquartile range: 14.86-21.15] 
      vs. 13.42 [9.95-17.38] ng/mL; probability <0.001). sHLA-G levels showed no 
      significant differences between patients with moderate, severe or critical 
      disease. Del allele was significantly associated with the risk of COVID-19 (odds 
      ratio = 1.89; 95% confidence interval = 1.44-2.48; corrected 
      probability = 0.001), while a higher risk was associated with Del/Del genotype 
      (odds ratio = 2.39; 95% confidence interval = 1.25-4.58; corrected 
      probability = 0.048). Allele and genotype frequencies of HLA-G 14-bp Ins/Del 
      polymorphism stratified by gender or disease severity showed no significant 
      differences in each stratum. Further, there was no significant impact of 
      genotypes on sHLA-G levels. In conclusion, sHLA-G levels were up-regulated in 
      COVID-19 patients regardless of disease severity. Further, it is suggested that 
      HLA-G 14-bp Ins/Del polymorphism is associated with COVID-19 risk.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics. 
      Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Ad'hiah, Ali H
AU  - Ad'hiah AH
AD  - Tropical-Biological Research Unit, College of Science, University of Baghdad, 
      Baghdad, Iraq. Electronic address: dr.ahadhiah@sc.uobaghdad.edu.iq.
FAU - Al-Bayatee, Noor T
AU  - Al-Bayatee NT
AD  - Biotechnology Department, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 
      Iraq.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220315
PL  - United States
TA  - Hum Immunol
JT  - Human immunology
JID - 8010936
RN  - 0 (HLA-G Antigens)
SB  - IM
MH  - *COVID-19/genetics
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Gene Frequency
MH  - Genetic Predisposition to Disease
MH  - Genotype
MH  - *HLA-G Antigens/genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - *INDEL Mutation
MH  - Iraq
PMC - PMC8920981
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - 14-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism
OT  - 3'UTR
OT  - COVID-19
OT  - HLA-G
OT  - SARS-CoV-2
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2022/03/21 06:00
MHDA- 2022/05/18 06:00
PMCR- 2022/03/15
CRDT- 2022/03/20 20:25
PHST- 2022/01/31 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/03/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/03/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/03/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/05/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/03/20 20:25 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/03/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0198-8859(22)00057-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.03.005 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Hum Immunol. 2022 Jun;83(6):521-527. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.03.005. Epub 2022 
      Mar 15.