PMID- 35327316
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230308
IS  - 2304-8158 (Print)
IS  - 2304-8158 (Electronic)
IS  - 2304-8158 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 6
DP  - 2022 Mar 21
TI  - Determination of Mycotoxins in Dried Fruits Using LC-MS/MS-A Sample Homogeneity, 
      Troubleshooting and Confirmation of Identity Study.
LID - 10.3390/foods11060894 [doi]
LID - 894
AB  - To monitor co-exposure to toxic mycotoxins in dried fruits, it is advantageous to 
      simultaneously determine multiple mycotoxins using a single extraction and liquid 
      chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. In this study, 
      we applied a stable isotope dilution and LC-MS/MS method to multi-mycotoxin 
      analysis in dried fruits, selecting raisins, plums, figs, and cranberries for 
      matrix extension. Samples were prepared using cryogenic grinding, followed by the 
      fortification of carbon-13 (13C) uniformly labeled internal standards for twelve 
      mycotoxins, and extraction using 50% acetonitrile. Homogeneity of prepared 
      samples, defined as particle size Dv90 < 850 microm for the tested matrices, was 
      characterized using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer, and reached using 
      cryogenic grinding procedures. The majority of recoveries in the four matrices 
      for aflatoxins and ochratoxin A spiked at 1-100 ng/g; fumonisins, T-2 toxin, HT-2 
      toxin, and zearalenone spiked at 10-1000 ng/g, ranged from 80 to 120% with 
      relative standard deviations (RSDs) of <20%. Deoxynivalenol was not detected at 
      10 and 100 ng/g in plums, and additional troubleshooting procedures using 
      liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid phase extraction (SPE), and elution 
      gradient were evaluated to improve the detectability of the mycotoxin. 
      Furthermore, we confirmed the identity of detected mycotoxins, ochratoxin A and 
      deoxynivalenol, in incurred samples using enhanced product ion scans and spectral 
      library matching.
FAU - Zhang, Kai
AU  - Zhang K
AD  - US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 
      Office of Regulatory Science, HFS-717. 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD 20740, 
      USA.
FAU - Tan, Steven
AU  - Tan S
AD  - US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 
      Office of Regulatory Science, HFS-717. 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD 20740, 
      USA.
AD  - Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, University of Maryland, 
      2134 Patapsco Building, 5145 Campus Drive, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
FAU - Xu, David
AU  - Xu D
AD  - Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, University of Maryland, 
      2134 Patapsco Building, 5145 Campus Drive, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220321
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Foods
JT  - Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101670569
PMC - PMC8954288
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - LC-MS
OT  - dried fruits
OT  - mycotoxins
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/03/26 06:00
MHDA- 2022/03/26 06:01
PMCR- 2022/03/21
CRDT- 2022/03/25 01:04
PHST- 2022/02/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/03/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/03/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/03/25 01:04 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/03/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/03/26 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/03/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - foods11060894 [pii]
AID - foods-11-00894 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/foods11060894 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Foods. 2022 Mar 21;11(6):894. doi: 10.3390/foods11060894.