PMID- 35329066
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220419
LR  - 20220419
IS  - 1660-4601 (Electronic)
IS  - 1661-7827 (Print)
IS  - 1660-4601 (Linking)
VI  - 19
IP  - 6
DP  - 2022 Mar 13
TI  - The Impact of Aquatic Exercise Programs on the Intima-Media thickness of the 
      Carotid Arteries, Hemodynamic Parameters, Lipid Profile and Chemokines of 
      Community-Dwelling Older Persons: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
LID - 10.3390/ijerph19063377 [doi]
LID - 3377
AB  - Scientific evidence has shown that physical exercise is an effective way of 
      improving several cardiovascular disease markers. However, few studies have 
      tested its effectiveness when performed in aquatic environments. The purpose of 
      this study was to test the impact of different aquatic exercise programs on the 
      intima-media thickness of carotid arteries (IMT) and hemodynamic and biochemical 
      markers of cardiovascular diseases in community-dwelling older persons. A total 
      of 102 participants were randomly allocated into four groups: an aerobic exercise 
      group (AerG) (n = 25, 71.44 +/- 4.84 years); an aerobic interval group (IntG) (n = 
      28, 72.64 +/- 5.22 years); a combined group (ComG) (n = 29, 71.90 +/- 5.67 years); 
      and a control group (CG) (n = 20, 73.60 +/- 5.25 years). The AerG, IntG, and ComG 
      participants took part in three different aquatic exercise programs for 28 weeks. 
      The CG participants maintained their usual routines. All participants were 
      evaluated for IMT, blood pressure, lipid profile, and MCP-1 and MIP-1alpha 
      chemokines, pre- and post-intervention. Significant differences were found in the 
      AerG for diastolic diameter (DD), in the IntG for peak systolic velocity (PSV), 
      and in the ComG for DD and end-diastolic velocity (EDV). Regarding blood 
      pressure, significant differences were found in AerG for systolic blood pressure 
      (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP); in IntG for DBP; and in ComG for SBP, 
      DBP, and heart rate (HR). Significant differences were found in the AerG and IntG 
      for glucose (GLU). Lower plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 
      (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-1alpha) were found in the AerG and 
      in the ComG for MCP-1 after the intervention. Aquatic physical exercise appears 
      to improve cardiovascular health, regardless of the type of the program adopted. 
      Aerobic programs (combined and continuous aerobic exercises) seemed to have a 
      more beneficial effect in reducing important cardiovascular risk markers.
FAU - Farinha, Carlos
AU  - Farinha C
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5794-4916
AD  - Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2019, 
      University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal.
AD  - Municipality of Serta, 6100-738 Serta, Portugal.
FAU - Santos, Helder
AU  - Santos H
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2581-5770
AD  - Coimbra School of Health Technology-IPC, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal.
FAU - Serrano, Joao
AU  - Serrano J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5112-4984
AD  - Sport, Health & Exercise Research Unit (SHERU), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo 
      Branco, 6000-266 Castelo Branco, Portugal.
FAU - Oliveiros, Barbara
AU  - Oliveiros B
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7836-8161
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal.
FAU - Silva, Fernanda M
AU  - Silva FM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8019-0729
AD  - Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2019, 
      University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal.
FAU - Cascante-Rusenhack, Marcio
AU  - Cascante-Rusenhack M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8573-9047
AD  - Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2019, 
      University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal.
AD  - School of Physical Education and Sports, University of Costa Rica (UCR), San Jose 
      11501-2060, Costa Rica.
FAU - Teixeira, Ana Maria
AU  - Teixeira AM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1498-949X
AD  - Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2019, 
      University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal.
FAU - Ferreira, Jose Pedro
AU  - Ferreira JP
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4427-3276
AD  - Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2019, 
      University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20220313
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Environ Res Public Health
JT  - International journal of environmental research and public health
JID - 101238455
RN  - 0 (Chemokine CCL3)
RN  - 0 (Lipids)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Blood Pressure
MH  - Carotid Arteries/diagnostic imaging
MH  - *Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
MH  - Chemokine CCL3
MH  - Exercise
MH  - Exercise Therapy
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Independent Living
MH  - Lipids
PMC - PMC8950273
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - MCP-1
OT  - MDP-1alpha
OT  - ageing
OT  - aquatic environment
OT  - blood pressure
OT  - hemodynamic parameters
OT  - hydrogymnastics
OT  - intima-media thickness of the carotid arteries
OT  - lipid profile
OT  - physical exercise
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/03/26 06:00
MHDA- 2022/04/20 06:00
PMCR- 2022/03/13
CRDT- 2022/03/25 01:08
PHST- 2022/01/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/03/07 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/03/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/03/25 01:08 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/03/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/04/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/03/13 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijerph19063377 [pii]
AID - ijerph-19-03377 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijerph19063377 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 13;19(6):3377. doi: 
      10.3390/ijerph19063377.