PMID- 35333534
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220503
LR  - 20220509
IS  - 1543-8392 (Electronic)
IS  - 1543-8384 (Linking)
VI  - 19
IP  - 5
DP  - 2022 May 2
TI  - Bile Acid Sequestrants for Hypercholesterolemia Treatment Using Sustainable 
      Biopolymers: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives.
PG  - 1248-1272
LID - 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00007 [doi]
AB  - Bile acids, the endogenous steroid nucleus containing signaling molecules, are 
      responsible for the regulation of multiple metabolic processes, including 
      lipoprotein and glucose metabolism to maintain homeostasis. Within our body, they 
      are directly produced from their immediate precursors, cholesterol C (low-density 
      lipoprotein C, LDL-C), through the enzymatic catabolic process mediated by 
      7-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1). Bile acid sequestrants (BASs) or amphiphilic resins 
      that are nonabsorbable to the human body (being complex high molecular weight 
      polymers/electrolytes) are one of the classes of drugs used to treat 
      hypercholesterolemia (a high plasma cholesterol level) or dyslipidemia (lipid 
      abnormalities in the body); thus, they have been used clinically for more than 50 
      years with strong safety profiles as demonstrated by the Lipid Research 
      Council-Cardiovascular Primary Prevention Trial (LRC-CPPT). They reduce plasma 
      LDL-C and can slightly increase high-density lipoprotein C (HDL-C) levels, 
      whereas many of the recent clinical studies have demonstrated that they can 
      reduce glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, 
      due to higher daily dosage requirements, lower efficacy in LDL-C reduction, and 
      concomitant drug malabsorption, research to develop an "ideal" BAS from 
      sustainable or natural sources with better LDL-C lowering efficacy and glucose 
      regulations and lower side effects is being pursued. This Review discusses some 
      recent developments and their corresponding efficacies as bile removal or LDL-C 
      reduction of natural biopolymer (polysaccharide)-based compounds.
FAU - Islam, Muhammad Shahidul
AU  - Islam MS
AD  - Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, 
      University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, 
      Canada.
FAU - Sharif, Anjiya
AU  - Sharif A
AD  - Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, 
      University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, 
      Canada.
FAU - Kwan, Nathania
AU  - Kwan N
AD  - Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, 
      University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, 
      Canada.
FAU - Tam, Kam C
AU  - Tam KC
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7603-5635
AD  - Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, 
      University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, 
      Canada.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220325
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Pharm
JT  - Molecular pharmaceutics
JID - 101197791
RN  - 0 (Anticholesteremic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Bile Acids and Salts)
RN  - 0 (Biopolymers)
RN  - 0 (Cholesterol, LDL)
RN  - 0 (Hypolipidemic Agents)
RN  - 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol)
RN  - IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - Bile Acids and Salts/therapeutic use
MH  - Biopolymers
MH  - Cholesterol
MH  - Cholesterol, LDL/therapeutic use
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy/metabolism
MH  - Glucose/therapeutic use
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Hypercholesterolemia/drug therapy
MH  - Hypolipidemic Agents/therapeutic use
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - LDL-C
OT  - amphiphilic
OT  - bile acid sequestrants
OT  - bile metabolism
OT  - biopolymer
OT  - dextran
OT  - dyslipidemia
OT  - glucose regulation
OT  - lipid-lowering
EDAT- 2022/03/26 06:00
MHDA- 2022/05/04 06:00
CRDT- 2022/03/25 17:17
PHST- 2022/03/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/05/04 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/03/25 17:17 [entrez]
AID - 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00007 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Pharm. 2022 May 2;19(5):1248-1272. doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00007. 
      Epub 2022 Mar 25.