PMID- 35335211
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220330
LR  - 20220401
IS  - 1420-3049 (Electronic)
IS  - 1420-3049 (Linking)
VI  - 27
IP  - 6
DP  - 2022 Mar 11
TI  - The Purinergic Landscape of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
LID - 10.3390/molecules27061838 [doi]
LID - 1838
AB  - Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the key energy intermediate of cellular metabolic 
      processes and a ubiquitous extracellular messenger. As an extracellular 
      messenger, ATP acts at plasma membrane P2 receptors (P2Rs). The levels of 
      extracellular ATP (eATP) are set by both passive and active release mechanisms 
      and degradation processes. Under physiological conditions, eATP concentration is 
      in the low nanomolar range but can rise to tens or even hundreds of micromoles/L 
      at inflammatory sites. A dysregulated eATP homeostasis is a pathogenic factor in 
      several chronic inflammatory diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 
      T2DM is characterized by peripheral insulin resistance and impairment of insulin 
      production from pancreatic beta-cells in a landscape of systemic inflammation. 
      Although various hypoglycemic drugs are currently available, an effective 
      treatment for T2DM and its complications is not available. However, counteracting 
      systemic inflammation is anticipated to be beneficial. The postulated eATP 
      increase in T2DM is understood to be a driver of inflammation via P2X7 receptor 
      (P2X7R) activation and the release of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, P2X7R 
      stimulation is thought to trigger apoptosis of pancreatic beta-cells, thus further 
      aggravating hyperglycemia. Targeting eATP and the P2X7R might be an appealing 
      novel approach to T2DM therapy.
FAU - Garcia-Jacobo, Rocio Edith
AU  - Garcia-Jacobo RE
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9099-3904
AD  - Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
FAU - Bergamin, Leticia Scussel
AU  - Bergamin LS
AD  - Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
FAU - Vultaggio-Poma, Valentina
AU  - Vultaggio-Poma V
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3124-7108
AD  - Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
FAU - Thorstenberg, Maria Luiza
AU  - Thorstenberg ML
AD  - Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
FAU - Tarantini, Mario
AU  - Tarantini M
AD  - Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
FAU - Garcia-Hernandez, Mariana Haydee
AU  - Garcia-Hernandez MH
AD  - Unidad de Investigacion Biomedica, Delegacion Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del 
      Seguro Social, IMSS, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico.
FAU - Di Virgilio, Francesco
AU  - Di Virgilio F
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3566-1362
AD  - Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
LA  - eng
GR  - IG 13025; IG 18581; IG 22883./Italian Association for Cancer Research/
GR  - PRIN 2017, n. 8YTNWC/Ministry of Education, Universities and Research/
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220311
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Molecules
JT  - Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 100964009
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 8L70Q75FXE (Adenosine Triphosphate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
MH  - Cytokines
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inflammation/metabolism
MH  - Signal Transduction
PMC - PMC8951306
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - P2X7 receptor
OT  - extracellular ATP
OT  - inflammation
OT  - type 2 diabetes mellitus
COIS- FDV is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Biosceptre Ltd., and a 
      consultant with Axxam SpA.
EDAT- 2022/03/27 06:00
MHDA- 2022/03/31 06:00
PMCR- 2022/03/11
CRDT- 2022/03/26 01:02
PHST- 2022/02/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/03/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/03/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/03/26 01:02 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/03/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/03/31 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/03/11 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - molecules27061838 [pii]
AID - molecules-27-01838 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/molecules27061838 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Molecules. 2022 Mar 11;27(6):1838. doi: 10.3390/molecules27061838.