PMID- 35336565
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220331
LR  - 20220401
IS  - 1424-8220 (Electronic)
IS  - 1424-8220 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 6
DP  - 2022 Mar 20
TI  - Phase Optimization for Multipoint Haptic Feedback Based on Ultrasound Array.
LID - 10.3390/s22062394 [doi]
LID - 2394
AB  - Ultrasound-based haptic feedback is a potential technology for human-computer 
      interaction (HCI) with the advantages of a low cost, low power consumption and a 
      controlled force. In this paper, phase optimization for multipoint haptic 
      feedback based on an ultrasound array was investigated, and the corresponding 
      experimental verification is provided. A mathematical model of acoustic pressure 
      was established for the ultrasound array, and then a phase-optimization model for 
      an ultrasound transducer was constructed. We propose a pseudo-inverse (PINV) 
      algorithm to accurately determine the phase contribution of each transducer in 
      the ultrasound array. By controlling the phase difference of the ultrasound 
      array, the multipoint focusing forces were formed, leading to various shapes such 
      as geometries and letters, which can be visualized. Because the unconstrained 
      PINV solution results in unequal amplitudes for each transducer, a weighted 
      amplitude iterative optimization was deployed to further optimize the phase 
      solution, by which the uniform amplitude distributions of each transducer were 
      obtained. For the purpose of experimental verification, a platform of ultrasound 
      haptic feedback consisting of a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), an 
      electrical circuit and an ultrasound transducer array was prototyped. The haptic 
      performances of a single point, multiple points and dynamic trajectory were 
      verified by controlling the ultrasound force exerted on the liquid surface. The 
      experimental results demonstrate that the proposed phase-optimization model and 
      theoretical results are effective and feasible, and the acoustic pressure 
      distribution is consistent with the simulation results.
FAU - Long, Zhili
AU  - Long Z
AD  - Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China.
FAU - Ye, Shuyuan
AU  - Ye S
AD  - Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China.
FAU - Peng, Zhao
AU  - Peng Z
AD  - Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China.
FAU - Yuan, Yuyang
AU  - Yuan Y
AD  - Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China.
FAU - Li, Zhuohua
AU  - Li Z
AD  - Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China.
LA  - eng
GR  - U1713206/National Natural Science Foundation of China/
GR  - JCYJ20170413112645981/Basic Research Plan of Shenzhen/
GR  - JCYJ20170413112645981/Basic Research Plan of Shenzhen/
GR  - JCYJ20170811160003571/Shenzhen Technology Innovation Program/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220320
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Sensors (Basel)
JT  - Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101204366
SB  - IM
MH  - Algorithms
MH  - Feedback
MH  - *Haptic Technology
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Transducers
MH  - Ultrasonography/methods
PMC - PMC8949327
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - haptic feedback
OT  - phase optimization
OT  - pseudo-inverse algorithm
OT  - ultrasound array
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/03/27 06:00
MHDA- 2022/04/01 06:00
PMCR- 2022/03/20
CRDT- 2022/03/26 01:06
PHST- 2021/12/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/02/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/02/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/03/26 01:06 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/03/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/04/01 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/03/20 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - s22062394 [pii]
AID - sensors-22-02394 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/s22062394 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sensors (Basel). 2022 Mar 20;22(6):2394. doi: 10.3390/s22062394.