PMID- 35359991
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220408
LR  - 20220520
IS  - 1664-3224 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-3224 (Linking)
VI  - 13
DP  - 2022
TI  - Novel Insight Into Nutritional Regulation in Enhancement of Immune Status and 
      Mediation of Inflammation Dynamics Integrated Study In Vivo and In Vitro of 
      Teleost Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): Administration of Threonine.
PG  - 770969
LID - 10.3389/fimmu.2022.770969 [doi]
LID - 770969
AB  - This study aims to investigate the effects of threonine (Thr) on immunoregulation 
      in vivo and in vitro of teleost grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Juveniles 
      (9.53 +/- 0.02 g) were reared for 8 weeks with respective Thr diet (3.99, 7.70, 
      10.72, 14.10, 17.96, and 21.66 g/kg) and then challenged with Aeromonas 
      hydrophila for in vivo study. Macrophages isolated from head kidney were treated 
      in vitro for 48 h with L-Thr (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mM) after 6 h of 
      lipopolysaccharide induction. The results showed that, compared with Thr 
      deficiency (3.99 g/kg), the optimal dietary Thr (14.10g/kg) affected the 
      immunocyte activation in the head kidney (HK) and spleen (SP) by downregulating 
      the mRNA expressions of MHC-II and upregulating CD4 (not CD8), and it mediated 
      the innate immune by enhancing the activities of lysozyme (LZ), acid phosphatase 
      content of complement 3 (C3) and C4, increasing the mRNA abundances of hepcidin, 
      liver expressed antimicrobial peptide-2A (LEAP-2A), LEAP-2B, beta-defensin1, 
      downregulating tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6, IL-1beta, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, 
      IL-17AF1, and IL-17D partly by attenuating RORgamma1 transcriptional factor and 
      nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-kappaBp65) signaling cascades [IKKbeta/IkappaBalpha/NF-kappaBp65] and 
      upregulating transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), IL-4/13A, -4/13B, IL-10, and 
      IL-22 partly by GATA-3. Besides these, the optimal dietary Thr regulated the 
      adaptive immune by upregulating the mRNAs of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgZ (not 
      IgD). Moreover, 2 mM Thr downregulated in vitro the mRNA abundances of colony 
      stimulating factor-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, mannose receptor 1, matrix 
      metalloproteinase2 (MMP-2), and MMP-9 significantly (P < 0.05), indicating that 
      Thr could attenuate the M1-type macrophages' activation. Moreover, L-Thr 
      downregulated the mRNA transcripts of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta associated with 
      impairing the SOCS1/STAT1 signaling and upregulated IL-10 and TGF-beta1 partly by 
      accentuating the SOCS3/STAT3 pathway. The above-mentioned observations suggested 
      that Thr improved the immune status in the immune organs of fish by enhancing the 
      immune defense and mediating the inflammation process. Finally, based on the 
      immune indices of LZ activity in HK and C3 content in SP, the optimal Thr for 
      immune enhancement in juvenile grass carp (9.53-53.43 g) was determined to be 
      15.70 g/kg diet (4.85 g/100 g protein) and 14.49 g/kg diet (4.47 g/100 g 
      protein), respectively.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Dong, Jiang, Wu, Liu, Kuang, Tang, Tang, Zhou and Feng.
FAU - Dong, Yu-Wen
AU  - Dong YW
AD  - Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
FAU - Jiang, Wei-Dan
AU  - Jiang WD
AD  - Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
AD  - Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan 
      Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
AD  - Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of 
      Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
FAU - Wu, Pei
AU  - Wu P
AD  - Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
AD  - Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan 
      Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
AD  - Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of 
      Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
FAU - Liu, Yang
AU  - Liu Y
AD  - Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
AD  - Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan 
      Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
AD  - Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of 
      Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
FAU - Kuang, Sheng-Yao
AU  - Kuang SY
AD  - Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China.
FAU - Tang, Ling
AU  - Tang L
AD  - Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China.
FAU - Tang, Wu-Neng
AU  - Tang WN
AD  - Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China.
FAU - Zhou, Xiao-Qiu
AU  - Zhou XQ
AD  - Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
AD  - Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan 
      Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
AD  - Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of 
      Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
FAU - Feng, Lin
AU  - Feng L
AD  - Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
AD  - Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan 
      Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
AD  - Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of 
      Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220314
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Immunol
JT  - Frontiers in immunology
JID - 101560960
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-6)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (Transforming Growth Factor beta1)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
RN  - 130068-27-8 (Interleukin-10)
RN  - 2ZD004190S (Threonine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Carps
MH  - *Fish Diseases
MH  - *Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/veterinary
MH  - Inflammation
MH  - Interleukin-10
MH  - Interleukin-6
MH  - RNA, Messenger
MH  - Threonine
MH  - Transforming Growth Factor beta1
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PMC - PMC8963965
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - immune status
OT  - in vivo and in vitro
OT  - inflammation
OT  - juvenile grass carp
OT  - threonine
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/04/02 06:00
MHDA- 2022/04/09 06:00
PMCR- 2022/01/01
CRDT- 2022/04/01 05:15
PHST- 2021/09/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/02/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/04/01 05:15 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/04/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/04/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fimmu.2022.770969 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Immunol. 2022 Mar 14;13:770969. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.770969. eCollection 
      2022.