PMID- 35365594 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220405 LR - 20221024 IS - 2044-4052 (Electronic) IS - 2044-4052 (Linking) VI - 12 IP - 1 DP - 2022 Apr 1 TI - The effect of menaquinone-7 supplementation on dp-ucMGP, PIVKAII, inflammatory markers, and body composition in type 2 diabetes patients: a randomized clinical trial. PG - 15 LID - 10.1038/s41387-022-00192-5 [doi] LID - 15 AB - BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common disorder that is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and chronic inflammation, which also have a reinforcing effect on each other. The present research studied the effects of menaquinone (MK-7) supplementation on serum dp-ucMGP (dephospho uncarboxylated Matrix Gla Protein), PIVKAII (Prothrombin Induced by Vitamin K Absence), inflammatory markers and body composition indices in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. METHODS: This 12-week double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial allocated 60 T2DM patients equally into a MK-7 (200 mcg/day) group or a placebo group. All patients also received dietary advice at the beginning of study and their dietary intakes were checked using a 3-day food record. The body composition of each patient was also measured and their vitamin K status was assessed using the ELISA method to measure serum dp-ucMGP and PIVKAII. In addition, inflammatory status indices were also measured, including hsCRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), IL-6 (interleukin-6) and TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor alpha). All measurements were made both before and after the intervention period. RESULTS: In total 45 patients completed the trial (MK-7 group = 23 and placebo group = 22). The calorie and macronutrient intake of the two groups were similar pre and post intervention. There were statistically significant increases in dietary vitamin K intake for both groups over the course of the study (p < 0.05), but the intergroup differences were not significant. The body composition indices (i.e., body fat percentage, fat mass, fat free mass, muscle mass, bone mass and total body water) were not significantly different between groups or across the trial. The serum levels of the vitamin K markers, PIVKAII and dp-ucMGP, decreased significantly in the MK-7 group over the course of the study (p < 0.05), but there was no decrease in the placebo group. However, after adjusting for the baseline levels and changes in vitamin K intake, the between group differences were only significant for PIVKAII (p < 0.05). Following the intervention, the serum levels of the inflammatory markers (hsCRP, IL-6, and TNF-alpha) were significantly lower in the MK-7 group (p < 0.05), but not in the placebo group. However, the between group differences in the inflammatory markers were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Although further studies are needed, it appears that MK-7 supplementation can be effective in improving PIVKAII levels, but not for improving dp-ucMGP, inflammatory status or the body composition indices of T2DM patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: This study was prospectively registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials on the 20th of May 2019 (ID: IRCT20100123003140N22). CI - (c) 2022. The Author(s). FAU - Karamzad, Nahid AU - Karamzad N AD - Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. AD - Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. AD - Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. FAU - Faraji, Esmaeil AU - Faraji E AD - Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. FAU - Adeli, Shaghayegh AU - Adeli S AD - Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. FAU - Sullman, Mark J M AU - Sullman MJM AD - Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus. AD - Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus. FAU - Pourghassem Gargari, Bahram AU - Pourghassem Gargari B AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7667-099X AD - Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. bahrampg@yahoo.com. AD - Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. bahrampg@yahoo.com. LA - eng SI - IRCT/IRCT20100123003140N22 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20220401 PL - England TA - Nutr Diabetes JT - Nutrition & diabetes JID - 101566341 RN - 11032-49-8 (Vitamin K 2) RN - 8427BML8NY (menaquinone 7) SB - IM MH - Body Composition MH - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy MH - Dietary Supplements MH - Humans MH - Iran MH - Vitamin K 2/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use PMC - PMC8976086 COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. EDAT- 2022/04/03 06:00 MHDA- 2022/04/06 06:00 PMCR- 2022/04/01 CRDT- 2022/04/02 05:25 PHST- 2020/10/07 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/03/10 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/02/03 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/04/02 05:25 [entrez] PHST- 2022/04/03 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/04/06 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/04/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1038/s41387-022-00192-5 [pii] AID - 192 [pii] AID - 10.1038/s41387-022-00192-5 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutr Diabetes. 2022 Apr 1;12(1):15. doi: 10.1038/s41387-022-00192-5.