PMID- 35372449
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220405
IS  - 2296-858X (Print)
IS  - 2296-858X (Electronic)
IS  - 2296-858X (Linking)
VI  - 9
DP  - 2022
TI  - Case Report: Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Acute Retinal Necrosis With Viral 
      Encephalitis in Children.
PG  - 815546
LID - 10.3389/fmed.2022.815546 [doi]
LID - 815546
AB  - BACKGROUND: Few cases concerning acute retinal necrosis with viral encephalitis 
      in children have been reported, especially cases where the fundus cannot be 
      identified due to severe vitreous opacity in the early stage that makes diagnosis 
      difficult. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of an unusual case of 
      herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) acute retinal necrosis with viral encephalitis in 
      an immunocompetent child, along with a review of relevant literature published up 
      to September 2021. RESULT: An 11-year-old girl presented with an approximate 
      20-day history of ocular redness and decreased visual acuity in the left eye. 
      Examination revealed anterior uveitis and vitreous opacity in the left eye. An 
      anterior chamber tap was performed because the fundus could not be observed 
      clearly, and the aqueous humor was positive for HSV-2 DNA. Cerebrospinal fluid 
      also tested positive for HSV-2. She was diagnosed with acute retinal necrosis 
      syndrome and viral encephalitis. The condition was controlled with timely 
      antiviral and steroid therapy. She was also treated with prophylactic laser 
      therapy to prevent retinal detachment during subsequent follow-up. The 
      pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of HSV-2 acute retinal necrosis in 
      children and the association between acute retinal necrosis and viral 
      encephalitis are further discussed, based on published literature. CONCLUSION: 
      HSV-2-related pediatric acute retinal necrosis may be due to the acquisition of 
      subclinical infection with HSV-2 during parturition, followed by reactivation of 
      the virus latent in the body on account of certain factors. Moreover, it may be 
      complicated with viral encephalitis. For suspected cases with invisible fundus, 
      early intraocular fluid examination is especially helpful for differential 
      diagnosis. Early diagnosis, early treatment, and timely prophylactic laser 
      treatment to prevent retinal detachment are key to a better prognosis. Physicians 
      need to pay attention to such suspected cases during diagnosis and treatment.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 He, Duan and Shang.
FAU - He, Luyao
AU  - He L
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 
      Shijiazhuang, China.
FAU - Duan, Jialiang
AU  - Duan J
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 
      Shijiazhuang, China.
FAU - Shang, Qingli
AU  - Shang Q
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 
      Shijiazhuang, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Case Reports
DEP - 20220316
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Med (Lausanne)
JT  - Frontiers in medicine
JID - 101648047
PMC - PMC8967414
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - herpes simplex virus-2
OT  - immunocompetent population
OT  - retinal necrosis
OT  - viral encephalitis
OT  - vitreous opacity
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/04/05 06:00
MHDA- 2022/04/05 06:01
PMCR- 2022/03/16
CRDT- 2022/04/04 05:33
PHST- 2021/11/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/02/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/04/04 05:33 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/04/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/04/05 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/03/16 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fmed.2022.815546 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Mar 16;9:815546. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.815546. 
      eCollection 2022.