PMID- 35380627 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220805 LR - 20240214 IS - 1938-3207 (Electronic) IS - 0002-9165 (Print) IS - 0002-9165 (Linking) VI - 116 IP - 2 DP - 2022 Aug 4 TI - Prospective study of breakfast frequency and timing and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in community-dwelling older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study. PG - 325-334 LID - 10.1093/ajcn/nqac087 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: No evidence-based recommendations regarding optimal breakfast frequency and timing and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exist for older adults because of limited studies. OBJECTIVES: We sought to prospectively assess relations between breakfast frequency and timing and T2DM risk among older adults and determine whether these depended on sex or cardiometabolic risk factors. METHODS: Weekly breakfast frequency and usual daily breakfast time were assessed by questionnaire at baseline in 3747 older adults (aged >/= 65 y) from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) who were free of cancer and T2DM and followed for 17.6 y. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% CIs estimated from Cox proportional hazards models were used to quantify associations with T2DM. RESULTS: Most CHS participants (median age: 74 y; IQR: 71-78 y) consumed breakfast daily (85.5%), and 73% had their first daily eating occasion between 07:00 and 09:00, both of which were associated with higher socioeconomic status, factors that are indicative of a healthier lifestyle, and lower levels of cardiometabolic risk indicators at baseline. During follow-up, 547 T2DM cases were documented. No strong evidence was observed linking breakfast frequency and risk of T2DM. Compared with participants whose breakfast timing (first eating occasion of the day) was 07:00-09:00, those who broke fast after 09:00 had an aHR for T2DM of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.51, 0.99). This association was present in participants with impaired fasting glucose at baseline (aHR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.95) but not in those without (aHR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.50, 1.38). No associations between eating frequency or timing and T2DM were observed within other prespecified subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Eating breakfast daily was not associated with either higher or lower risk of T2DM in this cohort of older adults, whereas a later (after 09:00) daily first eating occasion time was associated with lower T2DM risk in participants with impaired fasting glucose at baseline.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00005133. CI - (c) The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition. FAU - Carew, Allie S AU - Carew AS AD - Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. AD - QEII Health Sciences Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. AD - Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. FAU - Mekary, Rania A AU - Mekary RA AD - School of Pharmacy, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University, Boston, MA, USA. FAU - Kirkland, Susan AU - Kirkland S AD - Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. AD - QEII Health Sciences Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. AD - Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. FAU - Theou, Olga AU - Theou O AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6460-782X AD - Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. AD - QEII Health Sciences Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. AD - School of Physiotherapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. FAU - Siddiqi, Ferhan AU - Siddiqi F AD - Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. AD - QEII Health Sciences Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. FAU - Urquhart, Robin AU - Urquhart R AD - QEII Health Sciences Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. AD - Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. FAU - George, Michelle AU - George M AD - Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. FAU - Blanchard, Chris AU - Blanchard C AD - Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. AD - QEII Health Sciences Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. FAU - Biggs, Mary L AU - Biggs ML AD - Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. FAU - Djousse, Luc AU - Djousse L AD - Division on Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. AD - Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. FAU - Mukamal, Kenneth J AU - Mukamal KJ AD - Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. AD - Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Brookline, MA, USA. FAU - Cahill, Leah E AU - Cahill LE AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3584-2227 AD - Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. AD - QEII Health Sciences Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. AD - Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT00005133 GR - N01HC85080/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 AG023629/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States GR - HHSN268201800001C/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - HHSN268201200036C/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL130114/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - 75N92021D00006/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - N01HC85082/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - N01HC55222/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - N01HC85086/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - K24 AG065525/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States GR - HHSN268200800007C/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - N01HC85081/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - N01HC85079/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - N01HC85083/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PL - United States TA - Am J Clin Nutr JT - The American journal of clinical nutrition JID - 0376027 RN - IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose) SB - IM CIN - Am J Clin Nutr. 2022 Aug 4;116(2):293-294. PMID: 35678559 CIN - MMW Fortschr Med. 2022 Nov;164(20):32-34. PMID: 36376670 MH - Aged MH - Breakfast MH - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology/etiology MH - Feeding Behavior MH - Glucose MH - Humans MH - Independent Living MH - *Prediabetic State/complications MH - Prospective Studies MH - Risk Factors PMC - PMC9348984 OTO - NOTNLM OT - breakfast frequency and timing OT - epidemiology OT - nutrition OT - older adults OT - prevention OT - type 2 diabetes mellitus EDAT- 2022/04/06 06:00 MHDA- 2022/08/06 06:00 PMCR- 2023/04/05 CRDT- 2022/04/05 12:11 PHST- 2022/02/09 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/04/01 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/04/06 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/08/06 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/04/05 12:11 [entrez] PHST- 2023/04/05 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S0002-9165(22)00039-9 [pii] AID - nqac087 [pii] AID - 10.1093/ajcn/nqac087 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Clin Nutr. 2022 Aug 4;116(2):325-334. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac087.