PMID- 35382047
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220407
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 1937-8688 (Electronic)
VI  - 41
DP  - 2022
TI  - Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 in an HIV-positive man managed at the 
      University Teaching Hospitals Lusaka, Zambia: a case report.
PG  - 31
LID - 10.11604/pamj.2022.41.31.30195 [doi]
LID - 31
AB  - Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes (APS) are rare autoimmune endocrinopathies 
      characterized by the coexistence of at least two endocrine gland insufficiencies 
      developed from autoimmune mechanisms. APS may also be associated with 
      non-endocrine immune diseases. In HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy can 
      improve the quality of life to reduce the incidence of opportunistic infections, 
      malignancies, and death. HIV disease may also be associated with complications, 
      such as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) presenting as 
      infections, malignancies or autoimmune diseases. We here report the clinical case 
      of an HIV-infected man receiving antiretroviral therapy, who subsequently 
      developed APS type II, characterized by Grave's disease, type 1 diabetes 
      mellitus. He complained of a mass in his anterior neck, diarrhea, weight loss, 
      palpitations, hand tremors and excessive sweating. Six months before he had been 
      diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The patient had a diffusely enlarged 
      thyroid on ultrasound, elevated random blood glucose of 14.0 mmol/l; elevated 
      free T4 at 5.03 ng/dL and suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) at <0.05 
      micro-IU/mL. The patient was treated with carbimazole and propranolol for Graves' 
      thyrotoxicosis and basal bolus insulin regimen (actrapid and protaphane) for 
      hyperglycemia. At monthly follow-up assessments he was euthyroid and 2-hour 
      postprandial blood glucose test was normal. The goitre had markedly reduced in 
      size. This screening for APS in HIV patients with autoimmune IRIS as well as 
      patients with autoimmune endocrinopathies in order to allow for early diagnosis 
      and prompt initiation of treatment to reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality.
CI  - Copyright: Mwila Meek et al.
FAU - Meek, Mwila
AU  - Meek M
AD  - The University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia.
AD  - Young Emerging Scientists (YES), Lusaka, Zambia.
FAU - Kabengele, Chishiba
AU  - Kabengele C
AD  - Young Emerging Scientists (YES), Lusaka, Zambia.
AD  - Rwanda Zambia Health Research Group (RZHRG), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
FAU - Kamanga, Brown
AU  - Kamanga B
AD  - University Teaching Hospitals, Department Of Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Lusaka, 
      Zambia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Case Reports
DEP - 20220112
PL  - Uganda
TA  - Pan Afr Med J
JT  - The Pan African medical journal
JID - 101517926
SB  - IM
MH  - *HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy
MH  - Hospitals, Teaching
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - *Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune/complications/diagnosis/drug therapy
MH  - Quality of Life
MH  - Universities
MH  - Zambia
PMC - PMC8956902
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Graves' disease
OT  - case report
OT  - type 1 diabetes mellitus
EDAT- 2022/04/07 06:00
MHDA- 2022/04/08 06:00
PMCR- 2022/01/12
CRDT- 2022/04/06 05:10
PHST- 2021/06/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/12/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/04/06 05:10 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/04/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/04/08 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/01/12 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PAMJ-41-31 [pii]
AID - 10.11604/pamj.2022.41.31.30195 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Pan Afr Med J. 2022 Jan 12;41:31. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2022.41.31.30195. 
      eCollection 2022.