PMID- 35383840 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220708 LR - 20230216 IS - 1541-6100 (Electronic) IS - 0022-3166 (Print) IS - 0022-3166 (Linking) VI - 152 IP - 7 DP - 2022 Jul 6 TI - Assessment of Joint Impact of Iodine, Selenium, and Zinc Status on Women's Third-Trimester Plasma Thyroid Hormone Concentrations. PG - 1737-1746 LID - 10.1093/jn/nxac081 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Iodine is essential for synthesizing thyroid hormones, but other micronutrients are also required for optimal thyroid function. However, there is a lack of data on combined micronutrient status in relation to thyroid hormones in pregnancy. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the joint associations of iodine, selenium, and zinc status with plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in pregnancy. METHODS: We included 531 pregnant women (aged 22-40 y) participating in a Swedish birth cohort who provided blood and spot urine samples in gestational weeks 27-33 (mean: 29). Associations of urinary iodine concentration (UIC), plasma selenium concentration, and plasma zinc concentration (measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) with plasma hormone concentrations [total and free thyroxine (tT4, fT4), total and free triiodothyronine (tT3, fT3), and TSH] were explored with Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR; n = 516; outliers excluded) and multivariable-adjusted linear regression (n = 531; splined for nonlinear associations). RESULTS: Median (IQR) micronutrient concentrations were 112 mug/L (80-156 mug/L) for UIC, 67 mug/L (58-76 mug/L) for plasma selenium, and 973 mug/L (842-1127 mug/L) for plasma zinc; the former 2 median values were below recommended concentrations (150 mug/L and 70 mug/L, respectively). Mean +/- SD TSH concentration was 1.7 +/- 0.87 mIU/L, with 98% < 4 mIU/L. BKMR showed a positive trend of joint micronutrient concentrations in relation to TSH. Plasma zinc was most influential for all hormones but tT3, for which plasma selenium was most influential. In adjusted linear regression models, zinc was positively associated with tT4, tT3, and TSH, and <1200 mug/L also with fT4 and fT3. Selenium was inversely associated with fT3, and <85 mug/L with tT3. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women's plasma TSH concentrations in the early third trimester increased with increasing joint status of iodine, selenium, and zinc. Zinc and selenium were more influential than iodine for the hormone concentrations. Multiple micronutrients need consideration in future studies of thyroid hormone status. CI - (c) The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition. FAU - Gustin, Klara AU - Gustin K AD - Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. FAU - Vahter, Marie AU - Vahter M AD - Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. FAU - Barman, Malin AU - Barman M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5317-2768 AD - Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. AD - Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden. FAU - Jacobsson, Bo AU - Jacobsson B AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. FAU - Skroder, Helena AU - Skroder H AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8318-7445 AD - Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. FAU - Filipsson Nystrom, Helena AU - Filipsson Nystrom H AD - Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. AD - Department of Endocrinology, Specialized Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. AD - Wallenberg's Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hopsital, Gothenburg, Sweden. FAU - Sandin, Anna AU - Sandin A AD - Department of Clinical Science, Pediatrics, Sunderby Research Unit, Umea University, Umea, Sweden. FAU - Sandberg, Ann-Sofie AU - Sandberg AS AD - Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden. FAU - Wold, Agnes E AU - Wold AE AD - Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. FAU - Kippler, Maria AU - Kippler M AD - Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - J Nutr JT - The Journal of nutrition JID - 0404243 RN - 0 (Micronutrients) RN - 0 (Thyroid Hormones) RN - 06LU7C9H1V (Triiodothyronine) RN - 9002-71-5 (Thyrotropin) RN - 9679TC07X4 (Iodine) RN - H6241UJ22B (Selenium) RN - J41CSQ7QDS (Zinc) RN - Q51BO43MG4 (Thyroxine) SB - IM MH - Bayes Theorem MH - Female MH - Humans MH - *Iodine/urine MH - Micronutrients MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Trimester, Third MH - *Selenium MH - Thyroid Hormones MH - Thyrotropin MH - Thyroxine MH - Triiodothyronine MH - Zinc PMC - PMC9258587 OTO - NOTNLM OT - micronutrients OT - pregnancy OT - thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) OT - thyroxine (T4) OT - triiodothyronine (T3) EDAT- 2022/04/07 06:00 MHDA- 2022/07/09 06:00 PMCR- 2022/04/06 CRDT- 2022/04/06 09:11 PHST- 2021/12/30 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/03/02 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/03/31 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/04/07 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/07/09 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/04/06 09:11 [entrez] PHST- 2022/04/06 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S0022-3166(22)00669-1 [pii] AID - nxac081 [pii] AID - 10.1093/jn/nxac081 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Nutr. 2022 Jul 6;152(7):1737-1746. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxac081.