PMID- 35385787 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220823 LR - 20221006 IS - 1878-1632 (Electronic) IS - 1529-9430 (Linking) VI - 22 IP - 9 DP - 2022 Sep TI - The measurements of frailty and their possible application to spinal conditions: a systematic review. PG - 1451-1471 LID - S1529-9430(22)00143-7 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.spinee.2022.03.014 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Frailty is associated with an increased risk of postoperative adverse events (AEs) within the surgical spine population. Multiple frailty tools have been reported in the surgical spine literature. However, the applicability of these tools remains unclear. PURPOSE: Primary objective is to appraise the construct, feasibility, objectivity, and clinimetric properties of frailty tools reported in the surgical spine literature. Secondary objectives included determining the applicability and the most sensitive surgical spine population for each tool. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic Review. PATIENT SAMPLE: Studies reporting the use of a clinical frailty tool with a defined methodology in the adult surgical population (age >/=18 years). OUTCOME MEASURES: Postoperative adverse events (AEs) including mortality, major and minor morbidity, length of stay (LOS), unplanned readmission and reoperation, admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and adverse discharge disposition; postoperative patient-reported outcomes (health-related quality of life (HRQoL), functional, cognitive, and symptomatic); radiographic outcomes; and postoperative frailty trajectory. METHODS: This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42019109045. Publications from January 1950 to December 2020 were identified by a comprehensive search of PubMed, Ovid, and Embase, supplemented by manual screening. Studies reporting and validating a frailty tool in the surgical spine population with a measurable outcome were included. Each tool and its clinimetric properties were evaluated using validated criteria and definitions. The applicability of each tool and its most sensitive surgical spine population was determined by panel consensus. Bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS: 47 studies were included in the final qualitative analysis. A total of 14 separate frailty tools were identified, in which 9 tools assessed frailty according to the cumulative deficit definition, while 4 instruments utilized phenotypic or weighted frailty models. One instrument assessed frailty according to the comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) model. Twelve measures were validated as risk stratification tools for predicting postoperative AEs, while 1 tool investigated the effect of spine surgery on postoperative frailty trajectory. The modified frailty index (mFI), 5-item mFI, adult spinal deformity frailty index (ASD-FI), FRAIL Scale, and CGA had the most positive ratings for clinimetric properties assessed. CONCLUSIONS: The assessment of frailty is important in the surgical decision-making process. Cumulative deficit and weighted frailty instruments are appropriate risk stratification tools. Phenotypic tools are sensitive for capturing the relationship between spinal pathology, spine surgery, and prehabilitation on frailty trajectory. CGA instruments are appropriate screening tools for identifying health deficits susceptible to improvement and guiding optimization strategies. Studies are needed to determine whether spine surgery and prehabilitation are effective interventions to reverse frailty. CI - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Moskven, Eryck AU - Moskven E AD - Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Electronic address: eryckmoskven@rcsi.ie. FAU - Charest-Morin, Raphaele AU - Charest-Morin R AD - Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. FAU - Flexman, Alana M AU - Flexman AM AD - Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Care, St. Paul's Hospital/Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. FAU - Street, John T AU - Street JT AD - Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PT - Systematic Review DEP - 20220403 PL - United States TA - Spine J JT - The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society JID - 101130732 SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - *Frailty/complications/diagnosis MH - Humans MH - Postoperative Complications/etiology MH - Quality of Life MH - Reoperation/adverse effects MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Risk Factors MH - Spine OTO - NOTNLM OT - Adverse events OT - Clinimetric properties OT - Complications OT - Degenerative spine OT - Frailty OT - Frailty index OT - Frailty phenotype OT - Frailty trajectory OT - Risk stratification OT - Spine surgery EDAT- 2022/04/07 06:00 MHDA- 2022/08/24 06:00 CRDT- 2022/04/06 20:05 PHST- 2021/12/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/02/19 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/03/28 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/04/07 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/08/24 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/04/06 20:05 [entrez] AID - S1529-9430(22)00143-7 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.spinee.2022.03.014 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Spine J. 2022 Sep;22(9):1451-1471. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2022.03.014. Epub 2022 Apr 3.