PMID- 35387024
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230127
IS  - 2673-6101 (Electronic)
IS  - 2673-6101 (Print)
IS  - 2673-6101 (Linking)
VI  - 2
DP  - 2021
TI  - When the Frequencies of Sensitization and Elicitation of Allergic Reaction Do Not 
      Correlate-The Case of Apple Gibberellin-Regulated Protein Tested in an Italian 
      Population.
PG  - 745825
LID - 10.3389/falgy.2021.745825 [doi]
LID - 745825
AB  - Background: The literature reports describing allergic symptoms against apples in 
      the patients sensitized to the gibberellin-regulated proteins (GRPs) suggested 
      the presence of an allergenic GRP in this fruit. Objective: This study aimed to 
      assess the presence of a GRP protein in apples and investigate its allergenicity. 
      Methods: The protein was isolated and identified by the classical biochemical 
      methods. The bioinformatics tools were used for similar searches and molecular 
      modeling. The immunological features were investigated using the multiplex FABER 
      test. Clinical data were collected by the allergy specialists. Results: A GRP was 
      detected in the apple peel and pulp and it was named applemaclein. This protein 
      displays 94% of sequence identity with peamaclein, Pru p 7, representing the 
      prototype of this allergen family. The applemaclein molecular model shows a very 
      irregular surface with grooves/clefts that may potentially accommodate small 
      molecular ligands. In a population of 4,721 patients in Italy, 187 (4.0%) were 
      sensitized to any allergenic GPR. Of those, 115 (61.5%), 61 (32.6%), 30 (16.0%), 
      and 99 (52.9%) had immunoglobulin E (IgE) to apple, peach, pomegranate, and 
      cypress GRP, respectively. However, in a cohort of the patients in Italy, most 
      individuals IgE positive to the apple GRP did not report allergic reactions 
      against this fruit. Conclusion: Compared with the peach Pru p 7, applemaclein 
      shows some different structural features and higher sensitization frequency, 
      which is often not associated with allergic reactions against apple. Further 
      studies are needed to understand a possible correlation between the applemaclein 
      structural properties, the interaction with still unknown molecules, and 
      immunological behavior.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Tuppo, Alessandri, Giangrieco, Tamburrini, Arriaza, Chruszcz, 
      Mari and Ciardiello.
FAU - Tuppo, Lisa
AU  - Tuppo L
AD  - Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Naples, Italy.
AD  - Allergy Data Laboratories (ADL) S.r.l., Latina, Italy.
FAU - Alessandri, Claudia
AU  - Alessandri C
AD  - Allergy Data Laboratories (ADL) S.r.l., Latina, Italy.
AD  - Associated Centers for Molecular Allergology (CAAM), Rome, Italy.
FAU - Giangrieco, Ivana
AU  - Giangrieco I
AD  - Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Naples, Italy.
AD  - Allergy Data Laboratories (ADL) S.r.l., Latina, Italy.
FAU - Tamburrini, Maurizio
AU  - Tamburrini M
AD  - Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Naples, Italy.
FAU - Arriaza, Ricardo Hernandez
AU  - Arriaza RH
AD  - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 
      SC, United States.
FAU - Chruszcz, Maksymilian
AU  - Chruszcz M
AD  - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 
      SC, United States.
FAU - Mari, Adriano
AU  - Mari A
AD  - Allergy Data Laboratories (ADL) S.r.l., Latina, Italy.
AD  - Associated Centers for Molecular Allergology (CAAM), Rome, Italy.
FAU - Ciardiello, Maria Antonietta
AU  - Ciardiello MA
AD  - Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Naples, Italy.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 AI077653/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20211021
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Allergy
JT  - Frontiers in allergy
JID - 9918227355906676
PMC - PMC8974745
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - IgE-binding
OT  - Pru p 7
OT  - apple GRP
OT  - applemaclein
OT  - applemaclein molecular model
OT  - food allergy
OT  - sensitization frequency
COIS- IG and LT were employees of ADL s.r.l. when this study started, currently they 
      are employees of IBBR-CNR. MT and MAC receive funding from ADL s.r.l. The 
      remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/04/08 06:00
MHDA- 2022/04/08 06:01
PMCR- 2021/10/21
CRDT- 2022/04/07 05:20
PHST- 2021/07/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/09/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/04/07 05:20 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/04/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/04/08 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/10/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/falgy.2021.745825 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Allergy. 2021 Oct 21;2:745825. doi: 10.3389/falgy.2021.745825. eCollection 
      2021.