PMID- 35392599
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220409
IS  - 2214-2509 (Print)
IS  - 2214-2509 (Electronic)
IS  - 2214-2509 (Linking)
VI  - 28
DP  - 2022
TI  - Double trouble: Concomitant unmasking and paradoxical immune reconstitution 
      inflammatory syndrome in a patient with newly diagnosed HIV.
PG  - e01482
LID - 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01482 [doi]
LID - e01482
AB  - Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a complication encountered 
      in patients with HIV due to immune function recovery following the initiation of 
      antiretroviral therapy. IRIS can be divided into two forms: paradoxical 
      (recurrence of clinical signs of a previously treated opportunistic infection) 
      and unmasking (uncovering of a previously undiagnosed and asymptomatic 
      infection). We present the rare case of a 48-year-old man diagnosed with AIDS 
      after presenting with cryptococcal meningitis who, shortly after initiation of 
      ART, developed both unmasking IRIS due to Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), and 
      subsequently paradoxical IRIS to his prior cryptococcal meningitis infection. To 
      our knowledge, cases in the medical literature describing "double IRIS" remain 
      scarce.
CI  - (c) 2022 The Authors.
FAU - Makhoul, Jennifer
AU  - Makhoul J
AD  - Division of Infectious Diseases, George Washington University School of Medicine 
      and Health Sciences, 2150 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, DC, NW 20037, United 
      States.
FAU - Uppal, Surabhi
AU  - Uppal S
AD  - Division of Infectious Diseases, George Washington University School of Medicine 
      and Health Sciences, 2150 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, DC, NW 20037, United 
      States.
FAU - Siegel, Marc
AU  - Siegel M
AD  - Division of Infectious Diseases, George Washington University School of Medicine 
      and Health Sciences, 2150 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, DC, NW 20037, United 
      States.
LA  - eng
PT  - Case Reports
DEP - 20220325
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - IDCases
JT  - IDCases
JID - 101634540
PMC - PMC8980619
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cryptococcus
OT  - Human Immunodeficiency Virus
OT  - Mycobacterium avium complex
OT  - Paradoxical IRIS
OT  - Unmasking IRIS
EDAT- 2022/04/09 06:00
MHDA- 2022/04/09 06:01
PMCR- 2022/03/25
CRDT- 2022/04/08 05:24
PHST- 2022/02/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/03/09 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/03/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/04/08 05:24 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/04/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/04/09 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/03/25 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S2214-2509(22)00110-X [pii]
AID - e01482 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01482 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - IDCases. 2022 Mar 25;28:e01482. doi: 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01482. eCollection 
      2022.