PMID- 35398138
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220603
LR  - 20220603
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 833
DP  - 2022 Aug 10
TI  - Are fur farms a potential source of persistent organic pollutants or mercury to 
      nearby freshwater ecosystems?
PG  - 155100
LID - S0048-9697(22)02193-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155100 [doi]
AB  - Farming of carnivorous animals for pelts potentially contaminates nearby 
      ecosystems because animal feed and waste may contain persistent organic 
      pollutants (POPs) and metals. Mink farms in Nova Scotia (NS), Canada, provide 
      mink with feed partially composed of marine fish meal. To test whether mink farms 
      potentially contribute contaminants to nearby lakes, we quantified organochlorine 
      pesticides (OCP), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), and total mercury (THg) in 
      mink/aquaculture feed, waste, and sediment collected from 14 lakes within rural 
      southwest NS where mink farms are abundant and have operated for decades. 
      Mercury, PCBs, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), hexachlorocyclohexane 
      (HCH), and dieldrin were present in mink/aquaculture feed and mink waste, 
      indicating they are potential contaminant sources. Lakes with mink farms in their 
      catchment exhibited significantly higher THg(flux) than lakes downstream of mink 
      farming activity and reference lakes (p < 0.0001) after the intensification of 
      mink farming in 1980, indicating mink farming activity is likely associated with 
      increased lacustrine THg(flux). Sedimentary ƩPCB(flux) was elevated in lakes with 
      mink farms in their catchments, suggesting possible PCB contributions from mink 
      farming, local agriculture, and atmospheric deposition. Elevated ƩDDT in lakes 
      near mink farms relative to reference lakes suggests a possible enrichment 
      related to mink farming, although mixed land use and historical DDT usage related 
      to forestry in the region complicates DDT source attribution. Maximum 
      dieldrin(flux) and HCH(flux) in lake sediment occurred coeval with peak worldwide 
      usage in the 1970s and are unlikely to be associated with local mink farming. 
      Lakes with mink farming activities in their catchments were associated with 
      increased THg(flux), ƩPCB(flux), and possibly ƩDDT(flux), suggesting a possible 
      connection between marine fish meal, fur farms, and aquatic ecosystems in NS.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Gregory, B R B
AU  - Gregory BRB
AD  - Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. 
      Electronic address: gregorbrb@gmail.com.
FAU - Kissinger, J A
AU  - Kissinger JA
AD  - Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
FAU - Clarkson, C
AU  - Clarkson C
AD  - Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
FAU - Kimpe, L E
AU  - Kimpe LE
AD  - Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
FAU - Eickmeyer, D C
AU  - Eickmeyer DC
AD  - Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
FAU - Kurek, J
AU  - Kurek J
AD  - Department of Geography and Environment, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB 
      E4L 1E2, Canada.
FAU - Smol, J P
AU  - Smol JP
AD  - Paleoecolgical Environmental Assessment and Research Lab (PEARL), Department of 
      Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
FAU - Blais, J M
AU  - Blais JM
AD  - Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220406
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - CIW5S16655 (DDT)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
RN  - FXS1BY2PGL (Mercury)
RN  - I0246D2ZS0 (Dieldrin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - DDT/analysis
MH  - Dieldrin
MH  - Ecosystem
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Fishes
MH  - Lakes
MH  - *Mercury/analysis
MH  - Mink
MH  - Nova Scotia
MH  - Persistent Organic Pollutants
MH  - *Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis
MH  - *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Fur farms
OT  - Lake sediments
OT  - Organochlorine pesticide
OT  - Paleolimnology
OT  - Polychlorinated biphenyl
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2022/04/11 06:00
MHDA- 2022/06/07 06:00
CRDT- 2022/04/10 20:23
PHST- 2022/01/31 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/03/30 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/04/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/04/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/06/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/04/10 20:23 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(22)02193-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155100 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2022 Aug 10;833:155100. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155100. 
      Epub 2022 Apr 6.