PMID- 3539984
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19870219
LR  - 20220409
IS  - 0095-1137 (Print)
IS  - 1098-660X (Electronic)
IS  - 0095-1137 (Linking)
VI  - 25
IP  - 1
DP  - 1987 Jan
TI  - Production of Escherichia coli STa-like heat-stable enterotoxin by Citrobacter 
      freundii isolated from humans.
PG  - 110-4
AB  - Citrobacter species are often present in the stools of children and are generally 
      considered a normal component of the intestinal microflora. Previous reports 
      suggested that they might act as enteric pathogens. Aiming at defining the role 
      of Citrobacter species in inducing diarrhea, we looked for their presence in the 
      stools of 328 children with diarrhea and in 108 controls. Citrobacter strains 
      were isolated from 46 patients (14%) and 7 controls (6.5%) (P less than 0.05). 
      All isolates were tested for heat-stable (ST) and heat-labile (LT) enterotoxin. 
      No LT-producing organisms were found. Three C. freundii strains, all isolated 
      from children with diarrhea, elaborated an enterotoxin detected by the suckling 
      mouse assay. A crude extract was prepared by acetone precipitation and a 
      sequential ultrafiltration technique. The enterotoxin was heat stable, and its 
      estimated molecular weight was between 2,000 and 10,000. Citrobacter enterotoxin 
      was soluble in methanol and stable at acid and neutral pHs but not above pH 8, 
      and its activity was destroyed by treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol. Citrobacter 
      enterotoxin was inactive in the 18-h rabbit ileal loop test. All these 
      characteristics closely resemble STa produced by Escherichia coli. The time 
      course of Citrobacter enterotoxin-induced intestinal secretion in suckling mice 
      was similar to that of E. coli STa. The enterotoxin produced by C. freundii 
      cross-reacted with monoclonal antibodies raised against E. coli STa. These 
      results suggest that C. freundii is capable of inducing diarrhea through the 
      production of an E. coli-like STa, and its presence in the stools of patients 
      with diarrhea should be considered as that of a possible etiologic agent.
FAU - Guarino, A
AU  - Guarino A
FAU - Capano, G
AU  - Capano G
FAU - Malamisura, B
AU  - Malamisura B
FAU - Alessio, M
AU  - Alessio M
FAU - Guandalini, S
AU  - Guandalini S
FAU - Rubino, A
AU  - Rubino A
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JT  - Journal of clinical microbiology
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Toxins)
RN  - 0 (Enterotoxins)
RN  - 0 (Escherichia coli Proteins)
RN  - 0 (heat stable toxin (E coli))
RN  - D9K3SN2LNY (heat-labile enterotoxin, E coli)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bacterial Toxins/analysis/*biosynthesis/immunology
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Citrobacter/metabolism/*pathogenicity
MH  - Cross Reactions
MH  - Diarrhea/*microbiology
MH  - Enterotoxins/analysis/*biosynthesis/immunology
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - Escherichia coli/metabolism
MH  - *Escherichia coli Proteins
MH  - Hot Temperature
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
MH  - Infant
PMC - PMC265835
EDAT- 1987/01/01 00:00
MHDA- 1987/01/01 00:01
PMCR- 1987/01/01
CRDT- 1987/01/01 00:00
PHST- 1987/01/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1987/01/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1987/01/01 00:00 [entrez]
PHST- 1987/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1128/jcm.25.1.110-114.1987 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol. 1987 Jan;25(1):110-4. doi: 10.1128/jcm.25.1.110-114.1987.