PMID- 35400704
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221107
LR  - 20221203
IS  - 1349-7235 (Electronic)
IS  - 0918-2918 (Print)
IS  - 0918-2918 (Linking)
VI  - 61
IP  - 21
DP  - 2022 Nov 1
TI  - Olfactory Dysfunction Reflects Disease Progression in Japanese Patients with 
      Multiple Sclerosis.
PG  - 3181-3187
LID - 10.2169/internalmedicine.8541-21 [doi]
AB  - Objective Olfactory dysfunction is an important clinical feature in patients with 
      multiple sclerosis (MS). The incidence and extent of olfactory dysfunction are 
      reportedly higher in secondary progressive (SP) MS than in relapsing and 
      remitting (RR) MS. We investigated the use of olfactory dysfunction for 
      evaluating the disease status of Japanese patients with MS. Methods Olfactory 
      identification was evaluated using the Odor Stick Identification Test for the 
      Japanese (OSIT-J) in patients with RRMS (n=40) and SPMS (n=11) and compared the 
      findings with those of healthy controls (n=40). Patients with RRMS for more than 
      10 years (L-RRMS, n=10) were included in the RRMS group. The cognitive function 
      was evaluated using the Japanese version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence 
      Scale, 3rd edition. The third ventricle width (3rd VW) was measured as a marker 
      of central brain atrophy using magnetic resonance imaging. Results SPMS patients 
      had significantly lower OSIT-J scores than RRMS and L-RRMS patients. More SPMS 
      patients had OSIT-J scores below the lower limit of the normal score (LLN) than 
      RRMS patients. The LLN effectively discriminated between RRMS and SPMS 
      (sensitivity 70%, specificity 91.5%, area under the curve 0.933, 95% confidence 
      interval 0.874-1.000). Patients with SPMS had a significantly lower processing 
      speed and larger 3rd VW than those with RRMS or L-RRMS. Conclusion The olfactory 
      dysfunction was worse, along with cognitive impairment and brain atrophy, in SPMS 
      patients than in RRMS patients, independent of disease duration, in our Japanese 
      population. This directly reflected the disease progression and may have been 
      able to distinguish SPMS from RRMS, independent of ethnic and cultural 
      background.
FAU - Okada, Kazumasa
AU  - Okada K
AD  - Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and 
      Environmental Health, Japan.
FAU - Kakeda, Shingo
AU  - Kakeda S
AD  - Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of 
      Medicine, Japan.
FAU - Tahara, Masayuki
AU  - Tahara M
AD  - Department of Neurology, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization 
      Utano National Hospital, Japan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220409
PL  - Japan
TA  - Intern Med
JT  - Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)
JID - 9204241
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Multiple Sclerosis/complications
MH  - Japan/epidemiology
MH  - *Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive/complications/pathology
MH  - *Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/complications/epidemiology
MH  - Disease Progression
MH  - Atrophy
MH  - *Olfaction Disorders/epidemiology/etiology
PMC - PMC9683806
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - brain atrophy
OT  - cognitive impairment
OT  - olfactory dysfunction
OT  - relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
OT  - secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
COIS- The authors state that they have no Conflict of Interest (COI).
EDAT- 2022/04/12 06:00
MHDA- 2022/11/08 06:00
PMCR- 2022/11/01
CRDT- 2022/04/11 05:26
PHST- 2022/04/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/11/08 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/04/11 05:26 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.2169/internalmedicine.8541-21 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Intern Med. 2022 Nov 1;61(21):3181-3187. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8541-21. 
      Epub 2022 Apr 9.