PMID- 35405355 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20221218 LR - 20221218 IS - 1878-0334 (Electronic) IS - 1871-4021 (Linking) VI - 16 IP - 4 DP - 2022 Apr TI - The potential use of urinary transferrin, urinary adiponectin, urinary Retinol Binding Protein, and serum zinc alpha 2 glycoprotein levels as novel biomarkers for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy: A case-control study. PG - 102473 LID - S1871-4021(22)00087-X [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102473 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The level of albuminuria is used to evaluate diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, to detect or predict the early stages of DN, better biomarkers are needed. METHODS: This study is a case-control observational study. 80 Egyptians participated in the study: 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were divided into three groups (20 patients each), and 20 healthy subjects with matched age and gender were used as controls. Demographic and laboratory data were analyzed. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the levels of four biomarkers of DN; urinary adiponectin (ADP), urinary transferrin, serum Zinc Alpha 2 Glycoprotein (ZAG), and urinary Retinol Binding Protein (RBP). RESULTS: The levels of DN biomarkers urinary ADP, transferrin, RBP, and serum, ZAG were significantly higher in patients with T2DM than in controls. The ROC curve of the validity of the simultaneous use of all four biomarkers in predicting albuminuria indicates a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 90%. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) was 0.948, the 95% confidence interval was 0.998-0.897, and the p-value was 0.001. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with T2DM, urine adiponectin, transferrin, RBP, and serum ZAG concentration may be useful biomarkers in the early diagnosis of DN. A further longitudinal prospective study is required to explore the potential utility of these biomarkers. CI - Copyright (c) 2022 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Kamel, Mahmoud F AU - Kamel MF AD - Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt. Electronic address: m.fareed@med.bsu.edu.eg. FAU - Nassar, Mahmoud AU - Nassar M AD - Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai / NYC Health+Hospitals, Queens, New York, USA. Electronic address: Dr.Nassar@aucegypt.edu. FAU - Elbendary, Amira AU - Elbendary A AD - Dermatology Department, Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt. Electronic address: aelbendary@kasralainy.edu.eg. FAU - Mohamed, Abdelrahman Gamal Abdelaziz AU - Mohamed AGA AD - Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt. Electronic address: abdelrahmangamal.92@gmail.com. FAU - Abdullah, Mahmoud Gouda AU - Abdullah MG AD - Internal Medicine Department, Ministry of Healthcare, Egypt. Electronic address: sunrise8090@ymail.com. FAU - Gomaa, Hassan Ramdan Abdelazeem AU - Gomaa HRA AD - Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt. Electronic address: hassramadan105@gmail.com. FAU - Awad, Ebram Medhat Ibrahim AU - Awad EMI AD - Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt. Electronic address: Bayootanious@yahoo.com. FAU - Mahmoud, Heba H AU - Mahmoud HH AD - Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt. Electronic address: heba_mahmoud@med.bsu.edu.eg. FAU - Elfiki, Mohamed A AU - Elfiki MA AD - Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt. Electronic address: drmfeki@hotmail.com. FAU - Abdalla, Nilly H AU - Abdalla NH AD - Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt. Electronic address: nillyhelmy@yahoo.com. FAU - Abd Elkareem, Rehab M AU - Abd Elkareem RM AD - Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt. Electronic address: Drrehablashin@gmail.com. FAU - Soliman, Ayman S AU - Soliman AS AD - Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt. Electronic address: ayman.saman@med.bsu.edu.eg. FAU - Elmessiery, Riem M AU - Elmessiery RM AD - Internal Medicine Department, Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt. Electronic address: riemmedhat@gmail.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Observational Study DEP - 20220326 PL - Netherlands TA - Diabetes Metab Syndr JT - Diabetes & metabolic syndrome JID - 101462250 RN - 0 (Adiponectin) RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Glycoproteins) RN - 0 (Retinol-Binding Proteins) RN - 0 (Transferrin) RN - J41CSQ7QDS (Zinc) SB - IM MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Adiponectin MH - Albuminuria/diagnosis MH - Biomarkers MH - Case-Control Studies MH - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 MH - *Diabetic Nephropathies MH - Early Diagnosis MH - Glycoproteins MH - Retinol-Binding Proteins MH - Transferrin MH - Zinc OTO - NOTNLM OT - Adiponectin OT - Albuminuria OT - Biomarker OT - Diabetic nephropathy OT - Macro-albuminuria OT - Micro-albuminuria OT - Normo-albuminuria OT - RBP OT - Transferrin OT - ZAG OT - diabetes mellitus OT - endocrinology OT - nephrology OT - serum OT - urine COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors of these paper certify that they have NO affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers' bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. EDAT- 2022/04/12 06:00 MHDA- 2022/05/04 06:00 CRDT- 2022/04/11 20:11 PHST- 2021/10/12 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/02/20 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/03/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/04/12 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/05/04 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/04/11 20:11 [entrez] AID - S1871-4021(22)00087-X [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102473 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2022 Apr;16(4):102473. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102473. Epub 2022 Mar 26.