PMID- 35411057
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220413
LR  - 20220526
IS  - 2045-2322 (Electronic)
IS  - 2045-2322 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 1
DP  - 2022 Apr 11
TI  - Life cycle assessment of biocemented sands using enzyme induced carbonate 
      precipitation (EICP) for soil stabilization applications.
PG  - 6032
LID - 10.1038/s41598-022-09723-7 [doi]
LID - 6032
AB  - Integrating sustainability goals into the selection of suitable soil 
      stabilization techniques is a global trend. Several bio-inspired and bio-mediated 
      soil stabilization techniques have been recently investigated as sustainable 
      alternatives for traditional techniques known for their high carbon footprint. 
      Enzyme Induced Carbonate Precipitation (EICP) is an emerging bio-inspired soil 
      stabilization technology that is based on the hydrolysis of urea to precipitate 
      carbonates that cement sand particles. A life cycle assessment (LCA) study was 
      conducted to compare the use of traditional soil stabilization using Portland 
      cement (PC) with bio-cementation via EICP over a range of environmental impacts. 
      The LCA results revealed that EICP soil treatment has nearly 90% less abiotic 
      depletion potential and 3% less global warming potential compared to PC in soil 
      stabilization. In contrast, EICP in soil stabilization has higher acidification 
      and eutrophication potentials compared to PC due to byproducts during the 
      hydrolysis process. The sensitivity analysis of EICP emissions showed that 
      reducing and controlling the EICP process emissions and using waste non-fate milk 
      has resulted in significantly fewer impacts compared to the EICP baseline 
      scenario. Moreover, a comparative analysis was conducted between EICP, PC, and 
      Microbial Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) to study the effect of treated 
      soil compressive strength on the LCA findings. The analysis suggested that EICP 
      is potentially a better environmental option, in terms of its carbon footprint, 
      at lower compressive strength of the treated soils.
CI  - (c) 2022. The Author(s).
FAU - Alotaibi, Emran
AU  - Alotaibi E
AD  - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. 
      Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
AD  - Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 
      United Arab Emirates.
FAU - Arab, Mohamed G
AU  - Arab MG
AD  - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. 
      Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. marab@sharjah.ac.ae.
AD  - Structural Engineering Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. 
      marab@sharjah.ac.ae.
FAU - Abdallah, Mohamed
AU  - Abdallah M
AD  - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. 
      Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
FAU - Nassif, Nadia
AU  - Nassif N
AD  - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. 
      Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
AD  - Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 
      United Arab Emirates.
FAU - Omar, Maher
AU  - Omar M
AD  - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. 
      Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220411
PL  - England
TA  - Sci Rep
JT  - Scientific reports
JID - 101563288
RN  - 0 (Carbonates)
RN  - 0 (Sand)
RN  - 0 (Soil)
RN  - 8W8T17847W (Urea)
RN  - H0G9379FGK (Calcium Carbonate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Calcium Carbonate
MH  - Carbonates
MH  - Life Cycle Stages
MH  - *Sand
MH  - *Soil
MH  - Urea
PMC - PMC9001663
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2022/04/13 06:00
MHDA- 2022/04/14 06:00
PMCR- 2022/04/11
CRDT- 2022/04/12 05:30
PHST- 2021/08/31 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/03/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/04/12 05:30 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/04/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/04/14 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/04/11 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-022-09723-7 [pii]
AID - 9723 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-022-09723-7 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sci Rep. 2022 Apr 11;12(1):6032. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-09723-7.