PMID- 35412888
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220414
LR  - 20221012
IS  - 1091-6490 (Electronic)
IS  - 0027-8424 (Print)
IS  - 0027-8424 (Linking)
VI  - 119
IP  - 16
DP  - 2022 Apr 19
TI  - A viral mutualist employs posthatch transmission for vertical and horizontal 
      spread among parasitoid wasps.
PG  - e2120048119
LID - 10.1073/pnas.2120048119 [doi]
LID - e2120048119
AB  - Heritable symbionts display a wide variety of transmission strategies to travel 
      from one insect generation to the next. Parasitoid wasps, one of the most diverse 
      insect groups, maintain several heritable associations with viruses that are 
      beneficial for wasp survival during their development as parasites of other 
      insects. Most of these beneficial viral entities are strictly transmitted through 
      the wasp germline as endogenous viral elements within wasp genomes. However, a 
      beneficial poxvirus inherited by Diachasmimorpha longicaudata wasps, known as 
      Diachasmimorpha longicaudata entomopoxvirus (DlEPV), is not integrated into the 
      wasp genome and therefore may employ different tactics to infect future wasp 
      generations. Here, we demonstrated that transmission of DlEPV is primarily 
      dependent on parasitoid wasps, since viral transmission within fruit fly hosts of 
      the wasps was limited to injection of the virus directly into the larval fly body 
      cavity. Additionally, we uncovered a previously undocumented form of posthatch 
      transmission for a mutualistic virus that entails external acquisition and 
      localization of the virus within the adult wasp venom gland. We showed that this 
      route is extremely effective for vertical and horizontal transmission of the 
      virus within D. longicaudata wasps. Furthermore, the beneficial phenotype 
      provided by DlEPV during parasitism was also transmitted with perfect efficiency, 
      indicating an effective mode of symbiont spread to the advantage of infected 
      wasps. These results provide insight into the transmission of beneficial viruses 
      among insects and indicate that viruses can share features with cellular microbes 
      during their evolutionary transitions into symbionts.
FAU - Coffman, Kelsey A
AU  - Coffman KA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7609-6286
AD  - Daniel K. Inouye US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural 
      Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Hilo, HI 96720.
FAU - Hankinson, Quinn M
AU  - Hankinson QM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6090-5299
AD  - Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.
FAU - Burke, Gaelen R
AU  - Burke GR
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3472-0420
AD  - Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220411
PL  - United States
TA  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
JT  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JID - 7505876
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biological Evolution
MH  - *Entomopoxvirinae/physiology
MH  - *Host Microbial Interactions
MH  - *Symbiosis
MH  - *Tephritidae/virology
MH  - *Wasps/genetics/virology
PMC - PMC9169864
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Diachasmimorpha longicaudata
OT  - parasitoid wasp
OT  - poxvirus
OT  - symbiosis
OT  - transmission
COIS- The authors declare no competing interest.
EDAT- 2022/04/13 06:00
MHDA- 2022/04/15 06:00
PMCR- 2022/10/11
CRDT- 2022/04/12 17:11
PHST- 2022/04/12 17:11 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/04/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/04/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/10/11 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 202120048 [pii]
AID - 10.1073/pnas.2120048119 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Apr 19;119(16):e2120048119. doi: 
      10.1073/pnas.2120048119. Epub 2022 Apr 11.